目的：由於後天性腦傷 (Acquired Brain Injury, ABI) 患者所經歷的是突發性、非預期性創傷事件，以及大腦受傷後神經心理功能缺損或不足造成之後遺症，持續影響著其日常生活表現。然每位後天性腦傷患者的病前條件、受傷情形、行為表現及環境支持情形都不相同，使其回歸所處環境後的疾病適應歷程也有所差異。因此，本研究欲依據患者疾病適應情形，建構符合生態化意涵且具神經心理功能基礎之個別性治療模組，以利協助後天性腦傷患者提升腦心智功能、促進情緒調適及生涯發展，進而達到心理安穩、安適的狀態。
方法：本研究採立意取樣，於社區招募Los Amigos之功能層級五以上之後天性腦傷患者。第一階段，針對四位受試者所進行之神經心理衡鑑結果，與受試者和家屬進行半結構式晤談，整理出生態化介入要素並結合神經心理治療模組，以利後續作為。第二階段，另外三位受試者於接受神經心理衡鑑（含腦波測量）後，接受為期十週、每週一次、每次一小時之生態化神經心理治療，採用四層級指標驗證療效，即腦波、神經心理、問卷及能力類化指標。
結果：在第一階段所建構之生態化神經心理治療模組中，提出了五項生態化關鍵要素，分別為動機控制、目標期待、累積體會、安定情緒及發揮效能，前三項以受試者為主、後兩項以家屬為主，並搭配具注意力、記憶力、執行功能與情緒功能部件之神經心理治療模組。在第二階段中，接受生態化神經心理治療模組之後天性腦傷患者，於目標部件有關之神經心理、問卷及能力類化指標皆有進步，惟腦波指標表現不穩定。
討論：本研究所發展之生態化神經心理治療模組，能提升針對個別的後天性腦傷患者所設定之目標部件、對家庭支持覺知及幸福感，並類化至日常生活。本研究透過提出重要檢驗要件，以供未來相關介入者進行後天性腦傷患者神經心理治療的臨床歷程中，得以自我檢視和修改。

Objective: To deepen the understanding of patients with acquired brain injury, understand the difficulties they encounter in daily life due to cognitive impairment, and choose appropriate treatment goals and meaningful materials for patients based on the evaluation results. This research intends to propose an ecological strategy to integrate into the existing neuropsychological treatment module and to test the efficacy.
Method: This research focuses on patient with acquired brain injury. Purposive sampling is adopted. In the first stage, neuropsychological assessment and semi-structured in-depth interview method are applied to the eligible participants. In the second stage, individualized ecological neuropsychological treatment for 10 weeks, and four-level indicators are used to verify the efficacy effect, that is, brainwaves, neuropsychology, questionnaires, and ability generalization indicators.
Result: In the first stage, five ecological strategies are put forward, namely, motivational control, goal expectation, and accumulated experience for patients, and emotional stability and exerting efficacy for family members, and formed individualized ecological neuropsychological treatments. In the second stage, after the subjects received individual ecological neuropsychological treatment, in addition to the unstable brainwaves indicators, neuropsychology, questionnaires, and ability generalization indicators have made improved.
Discussion: Due to the large individual differences of patients with acquired brain injury, it is recommended to increase the number of subjects in the future to improve the richness and completeness of the module. In addition, a more rigorous research design is recommended in the future to confirm the impact of spontaneous recovery.

中文部分
李昇恆（2013）。神經心理治療的內涵建構:先導研究〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學醫學院行為醫學研究所。
李惠湞、郭乃文、吳玉欣、陳俊凱、黃茂雄、高宗仁（2013）。應用神經心理復健計畫治療複雜型注意力功能缺損：以一位多發性梗塞患者為例。臨床心理學刊，7(2)，21-30。
吳玉欣、余麗樺、陳靖、郭乃文（2009）。日常執行功能行為量表之發展與其因素結構及信效度研究。臨床心理學刊，4(2)，86-94。
何曉婷、吳玉欣、黃茂雄、郭乃文（2011）。生態化執行功能訓練對腦傷病人之治療：病例報告。台灣復健醫學雜誌，39(1)，31-38。
林育岑（2014）。運用神經生理回饋訓練模組計畫於中重度腦傷患者之執行功能療效分析〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學醫學院行為醫學研究所。
陳心怡、陳榮華、花茂棽（2015）。魏氏成人智力量表量表第四版（中文版）指導手冊。台北市：中國行為科學社。
陳怡帆（2011）。電腦化工作記憶訓練成效評估-以學齡期注意力缺陷過動複合型兒童之訓練為例〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立高雄醫學大學心理學研究所。
陳孟筳（2010）。學齡期高功能自閉症與亞斯伯格症孩童執行功能之訓練成效〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學醫學院行為醫學研究所。
陳惠姿、陳信穎、郭乃文、葉淑惠、張志仲、劉景寬、尤姵文（2000）。本土化長期照護層級評估量表之建立。行政院衛生署八十九年度委託研究計畫報告。
郭乃文（2003）。以Cohen認知神經心理學概念探討注意力功能測量研究〔未出版之博士論文〕。國立台灣大學心理學研究所。
郭乃文（2001）。臨床心理人力政策建言書 (III) 復健心理學。我國醫事人力規劃與預測研討會。
郭乃文（2002）。非語文性注意力與記憶力測驗。國立台北師大心測中心發行。
郭乃文、余麗樺（1999）。以廣泛性非語文注意力測驗組來衡鑑青少年注意力功能之發展研究報告。國科會專題研究報告。
郭乃文、鄭中平（2005）。修定非語文性注意力與記憶力測驗研究第三期報告。教育部特殊教育工作小組委託計畫。
郭乃文、劉秀枝、王珮芳、廖光淦、甄瑞興、林恭平、陳祖裕、徐道昌（1988）。「簡短式智能評估」之中文施測與常模建立。中華民國復健醫學會雜誌，(16)，52-59。
道安資訊查詢網（2020）。統計快覽。https://roadsafety.tw/Dashboard/Custom?type=%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%BF%AB%E8%A6%BD。
雲嘉南區身心障礙者職業重建服務資源中心（2016）。第一類身心障礙者神經認知功能評估在就業準備訓練之應用。https://www.taiwanjobs.gov.tw/upload/108/8cb1277a-e41d-40d6-b51f-e7bd5605d59b.pdf
楊啟正（2020）。腦震盪後症候群：臨床神經心理學觀點。臨床心理學刊，14(1/2)，18-32。
楊啟正、黃勝堅、花茂棽（2005）。頭部創傷後之神經行為異常。臨床心理學刊，2，49-63。
廖御圻（2012）。神經生理回饋訓練對注意力缺陷/過動疾患孩童的注意力監控改善成效〔未出版之碩士論文〕。國立成功大學醫學院行為醫學研究所。
廖御圻、林育岑、郭乃文、黃冠堂、蘇倍儀（2016）。運用神經回饋訓練之神經心理治療模組於重度腦傷患者改善執行功能效果分析－個案報告。臨床心理學刊，10(2)，31-49。
廖御圻、郭乃文、陳信昭、蔡幸芳、蘇倍儀（2015）。以神經生理回饋為主之神經心理治療對改善注意力監控之療效研究－以注意力缺陷／過動疾患兒童為例。教育心理學報，47(2)，281-304。
衛生福利部統計處（2021）。109年度全民健康保險醫療統計年報。台北：衛生福利部統計處。

英文部分
Azouvi, P., Arnould, A., Dromer, E., & Vallat-Azouvi, C. (2017). Neuropsychology of traumatic brain injury: An expert overview. Revue neurologique, 173(7-8), 461–472.
Barlow, D. H. (2014). The neuroscience of psychological treatments. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 62, 143-145.
Bielak, A. A. M., Hatt, C. R., & Diehl, M. (2017). Cognitive Performance in Adults’ Daily Lives: Is There a Lab-Life Gap? Research in Human Development, 14(3), 219-233.
Bigler, E. D. (2007). Anterior and middle cranial fossa in traumatic brain injury: relevant neuroanatomy and neuropathology in the study of neuropsychological outcome. Neuropsychology, 21(5), 515-531.
Black, J. E., Jones, T. A., Nelson, C. A., & Greenough, W. T. (1997). Neuronal plasticity and the developing brain. In J. D. Noshpitz, N. E. Alessi, J. T. Coyle, S. I. Harrison, & S. Eth (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry (Vol. 6, pp. 31–53). New York: Wiley.
Boot, E., Ekker, M. S., Putaala, J., Kittner, S., De Leeuw, F. E., & Tuladhar, A. M. (2020). Ischaemic stroke in young adults: a global perspective. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 91(4), 411–417.
Brands, I., Stapert, S., Köhler, S., Wade, D., & van Heugten, C. (2015). Life goal attainment in the adaptation process after acquired brain injury: the influence of self-efficacy and of flexibility and tenacity in goal pursuit. Clinical rehabilitation, 29(6), 611–622.
Brasure, M., Lamberty, G. J., Sayer, N. A., Nelson, N. W., MacDonald, R., Ouellette, J., Tacklind, J., Grove, M., Rutks, I. R., Butler, M. E., Kane, R. L., & Wilt, T. J. (2012). Multidisciplinary Postacute Rehabilitation for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
Burgess, P.W. & Alderman, N. (2004) Executive dysfunction. In Goldstein, L.H. & McNeil, J.E. (Org.) Clinical neuropsychology: a pratical guide to assessment and management for clinicians. Wiley & Sons Ltd, England.
Cacioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., & Decety, J. (2010). Social Neuroscience and its Relationship to Social Psychology. Social Cognition, 28(6), 675-685.
Cappas, N. M., Andres-Hyman, R., & Davidson, L. (2005). What Psychotherapists Can Begin to Learn from Neuroscience: Seven Principles of a Brain-Based Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(3), 374–383.
Carlin, D., Bonerba, J., Phipps, M., Alexander, G., Shapiro, M., & Grafman, J. (2000). Planning impairments in frontal lobe dementia and frontal lobe lesion patients. Neuropsychologia, 38(5), 655-665.
Chen, C. Y., Lin, P. T., Wang, Y. H., Syu, R. W., Hsu, S. L., Chang, L. H., Tsai, J. Y., Huang, H. C., Liu, T. C., Lin, C. J., Tang, C. W., Hsu, L. C., Chung, C. P., Liu, H. Y., Chi, N. F., & Lee, I. H. (2021). Etiology and risk factors of intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in young adults. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA, 84(10), 930–936.
Chang, Y. C., Guo, N. W., Huang, C. C., Wang, S. T., & Tsai, J. J. (2000). Neurocognitive Attention and Behavior Outcome of School-age Children with a History of Febrile Convulsions: A Population Study. Epilepsia, 41, 412-420.
Chaytor, N., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2003). The ecological validity of neuropsychological tests: a review of the literature on everyday cognitive skills. Neuropsychology review, 13(4), 181–197.
Chiu, W. T., Huang, S. J., Tsai, S. H., Lin, J. W., Tsai, M. D., Lin, T. J., & Huang, W. C. (2007). The impact of time, legislation, and geography on the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 14(10), 930-935.
Cicerone, K. D., Goldin, Y., Ganci, K., Rosenbaum, A., Wethe, J. V., Langenbahn, D. M., Malec, J. F., Bergquist, T. F., Kingsley, K., Nagele, D., Trexler, L., Fraas, M., Bogdanova, Y., & Harley, J. P. (2019). Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation: Systematic Review of the Literature From 2009 Through 2014.
Cohen, R. A., Malloy, P. F., & Jenkins, M. A. (1998). Disorders of attention. In P. J Snyder, & P. D. Nussbaum (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology: A pocket handbook for assessment. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Cohen, R. A., Sparling-Cohen, Y. A., & O'Donnell, B. F. (1993). The neuropsychology of attention. Plenum Press.
Coolidge, F. L., Griego, J. A.（1995）. Executive functions of the Frontal lobes: Psychometric properties of a self-rating scale. Psychological Reports, 77,24-26.
Corrigan, J. D., & Hammond, F. M. (2013). Traumatic brain injury as a chronic health condition. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 94(6), 1199–1201.
DeRubeis, R. J., Siegle, G. J., & Hollon, S. D. (2008). Cognitive therapy versus medication for depression: Treatment outcomes and neural mechanisms. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 9(10), 788–796.
Dillahunt-Aspillaga, C., Jorgensen-Smith, T., Ehlke, S., Sosinski, M., Monroe, D., & Thor, J. (2013). Traumatic brain injury: unmet support needs of caregivers and families in Florida. PloS one, 8(12), e82896.
Duncan, J., Emslie, H., Williams, P., Johnson, R., & Freer, C. (1996). Intelligence and the frontal lobe: the organization of goal-directed behavior. Cognitive psychology, 30(3), 257–303.
Douglas, J. M., & Spellacy, F. J. (1996). Indicators of long-term family functioning following severe traumatic brain injury in adults. Brain injury, 10(11), 819-840.
Duncan, J. (1986). Disorganisation of behaviour after frontal lobe damage. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 3(3), 271-290.
de Goumoëns, V., Rio, L. M., Jaques, C., & Ramelet, A. S. (2018). Family-oriented interventions for adults with acquired brain injury and their families: a scoping review. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports, 16(12), 2330–2367.
Epstein, S. (1973). The self-concept revisited: Or a theory of a theory. American Psychologist, 28, 404–416.
Epstein, S. (2014). Cognitive-experiential theory: An integrative theory of personality. New York, NY: Oxford University.
Eslinger, P. J., Zappala, G., Chakara, F., Barrett, A. M. (2007). Cognitive impairments after TBI. In N.D., Zasler, D.I., Katz, & R.D., Zafonte (Eds.), Brain injury medicine. Principles and practice (pp.779-790). New York: Demo Medical Publishing.
Etkin, A., Pittenger, C., Polan, J., & Kandel, E. R. (2005). Toward a neurobiology of psychotherapy: Basic science and clinical application. Journal of Neuropsychiatry Clinical Neurosciences,17, 145–158.
Faustino, B. (2022). Minding my brain: Fourteen neuroscience-based principles to enhance psychotherapy responsiveness. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy,29(4), 1254–1275.
Faustino, B., Vasco, A.B. (2020). Schematic Functioning, Interpersonal Dysfunctional Cycles and Cognitive Fusion in the Complementary Paradigmatic Perspective: Analysis of a Clinical Sample. J Contemp Psychother 50, 47–55.
Fletcher, P. C., & Henson, R. N. (2001). Frontal lobes and human memory: insights from functional neuroimaging. Brain: a journal of neurology, 124(Pt 5), 849–881.
Fisher, A., Bellon, M., Lawn, S., & Lennon, S. (2020). Brain injury, behaviour support, and family involvement: putting the pieces together and looking forward. Disability and rehabilitation, 42(9), 1305–1315.
Gennarelli, T. A., & Graham, D. I. (1998). Neuropathology of the Head Injuries. Seminars in clinical neuropsychiatry, 3(3), 160–175.
Grawe, K. (2007). Neuropsychotherapy: How the neurosciences inform effective psychotherapy. Psychology Press.
Gross, Y., & Schutz, L. E. (1986). Intervention Models in Neuropsychology. In B. P. Uzzell & Y. Gross (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology of Intervention (pp. 179-204). Springer US.
Grossman, A. W., Churchill, J. D., Bates, K. E., Kleim, J. A., & Greenough, W. T. (2002). A brain adaptation view of plasticity: Is synaptic plasticity an overly limited concept? Progress in Brain Research, 138, 91–108.
Hagen, C. (1997). Level of cognitive functioning revised. Downey, CA: Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, unpublished measure.
Hagen, C., Malkmus, D., Durham,P.(1972). Levels of cognitive function. Downey, CA: Rancho Los Amigo Hospital, unpublished measure.
Ham, T. E., Bonnelle, V., Hellyer, P., Jilka, S., Robertson, I. H., Leech, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2014, Feb). The neural basis of impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury. Brain, 137(Pt 2), 586-597.
Harvey, A., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., & Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive Behavioural Processes across Psychological Disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. Oxford University Press.
Harvey P. D. (2012). Clinical applications of neuropsychological assessment. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 14(1), 91–99.
Harvey P. D. (2019). Domains of cognition and their assessment. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 21(3), 227–237.
Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtis, G. (1993). Wisconsin card sorting test manual: Revised and expanded. Odessa, TX: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Hiploylee, C., Dufort, P. A., Davis, H. S., Wennberg, R. A., Tartaglia, M. C., Mikulis, D., Hazrati, L. N., & Tator, C. H. (2017). Longitudinal Study of Postconcussion Syndrome: Not Everyone Recovers. Journal of neurotrauma, 34(8), 1511–1523.
Jonasson, A., Levin, C., Renfors, M., Strandberg, S., & Johansson, B. (2018). Mental fatigue and impaired cognitive function after an acquired brain injury. Brain and behavior, 8(8), e01056.
Kandel E. R. (1998). A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. The American journal of psychiatry, 155(4), 457–469.
Katz, D. I., & Mills, V. M. (1999). Traumatic brain injury: Natural history and efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation. Cognitive neurorehabilitation, 279-301.
Kelly, A. M., & Garavan, H. (2005). Human functional neuroimaging of brain changes associated with practice. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), 15(8), 1089–1102.
Kelley, W. M., Miezin, F. M., McDermott, K. B., Buckner, R. L., Raichle, M. E., Cohen, N. J., Ollinger, J. M., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Snyder, A. Z., & Petersen, S. E. (1998). Hemispheric specialization in human dorsal frontal cortex and medial temporal lobe for verbal and nonverbal memory encoding. Neuron, 20(5), 927–936.
Kleim, J. A., & Jones, T. A. (2008). Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: implications for rehabilitation after brain damage. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research: JSLHR, 51(1), S225–S239.
Kohler, M. J., Hendrickx, M. D., Powell-Jones, A., & Bryan-Hancock, C. (2020). A Systematic Review of Cognitive Functioning After Traumatic Brain Injury in Individuals Aged 10-30 Years. Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, 33(4), 233–252.
Krikorian, R., Bartok, J., & Gay, N. (1994). Tower of London procedure: A standard method and developmental data. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16(6), 840–850.
Langenbahn, D. M., Ashman, T., Cantor, J., & Trott, C. (2013). An evidence-based review of cognitive rehabilitation in medical conditions affecting cognitive function. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 94(2), 271-286.
Lannoo, E., Brusselmans, W., Eynde, L.V., Van Laere, M., & Stevens, J. (2004). Epidemiology of acquired brain injury (ABI) in adults: prevalence of long-term disabilities and the resulting needs for ongoing care in the region of Flanders, Belgium. Brain Injury, 18, 203-211.
Levine, B., Robertson, I. H., Clare, L., Carter, G., Hong, J., Wilson, B. A., Duncan, J., & Stuss, D. T. (2000). Rehabilitation of executive functioning: an experimental-clinical validation of goal management training. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 6(3), 299–312.
Levine, B., Schweizer, T. A., O'Connor, C., Turner, G., Gillingham, S., Stuss, D. T., Manly, T., & Robertson, I. H. (2011). Rehabilitation of executive functioning in patients with frontal lobe brain damage with goal management training. Front Hum Neurosci, 5, 9.
Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Bigler ED, Tranel D. (2012) Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). New York, US: Oxford University Press.
Luria, A.R. (1966). Higher Cortical Functions in Man. New York: Basic Books.
Mahar, C., & Fraser, K. (2011). Barriers to successful community reintegration following acquired brain injury (ABI). International Journal of Disability Management, 6, 49-67.
Marshall, L. F., Marshall, S. B., Klauber, M. R., Clark, M. v. B., Eisenberg, H. M., Jane, J. A., Luerssen, T. G., Marmarou, A., & Foulkes, M. A. (1991). A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography, Journal of Neurosurgery, 75(Supplement), S14-S20.
Martin, A., & Chao, L.L. (2001). Semantic memory and the brain: structure and processes. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 11, 194-201.
Menon, D. K., Schwab, K., Wright, D. W., & Maas, A. I. (2010). Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 91(11), 1637-1640.
Nolan, J. P., Neumar, R. W., Adrie, C., Aibiki, M., Berg, R. A., Böttiger, B. W., Callaway, C., Clark, R. S., Geocadin, R. G., Jauch, E. C., Kern, K. B., Laurent, I., Longstreth, W. T., Merchant, R. M., Morley, P., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V., Peberdy, M. A., Rivers, E. P., Rodriguez-Nunez, A., … Hoek, T. V. (2008). Post-cardiac arrest syndrome: epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication. A Scientific Statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Council on Stroke. Resuscitation, 79(3), 350–379.
Norcross, John C., Wampold, Bruce E. (2019) Psychotherapy Relationships that Work: Volume 2: Evidence-Based Therapist Responsiveness. Oxford University Press.
Ownsworth, T., Fleming, J., Shum, D., Kuipers, P., & Strong, J. (2008). Comparison of individual, group and combined intervention formats in a randomized controlled trial for facilitating goal attainment and improving psychosocial function following acquired brain injury. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 40(2), 81–88.
Panksepp, J. (1988). Brain emotional circuits and psychopathologies. In M. Clynes & J. Panksepp (Eds.), Emotions and psychopathology (pp. 37–76). Plenum Press.
Patterson, K., Nestor, P. J., & Rogers, T. T. (2007). Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 8(12), 976–987.
Pervez, M., Kitagawa, R. S., & Chang, T. R. (2018). Definition of traumatic brain injury, neurosurgery, trauma orthopedics, neuroimaging, psychology, and psychiatry in mild traumatic brain injury. Neuroimaging Clinics, 28(1), 1-13.
Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual review of neuroscience, 35, 73–89.
Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual review of neuroscience, 13, 25–42.
Povlishock, J. T., Becker, D. P., Cheng, C. L., & Vaughan, G. W. (1986). Axonal change in minor head injury. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 42(3), 225–242.
Ries LAG, Young JL, Keel GE, Eisner MP, Lin YD, Horner M-J (2007). SEER Survival Monograph: Cancer Survival Among Adults: U.S. SEER Program, 1988-2001, Patient and Tumor Characteristics. National Cancer Institute, SEER Program, NIH Pub. No. 07-6215, Bethesda, MD.
Robertson, I. H., Mattingley, J. B., Rorden, C., & Driver, J. (1998). Phasic alerting of neglect patients overcomes their spatial deficit in visual awareness. Nature, 395(6698), 169–172.
Ross, B. L., Temkin, N. R., Newell, D., & Dikmen, S. S. (1994). Neuropsychological outcome in relation to head injury severity: contributions of coma length and focal abnormalities. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 73(5), 341-347.
Russell, W. R., & Nathan, P. (1946). Traumatic amnesia. Brain, 69(4), 280-300.
Sbordone, R. J. (1987). A neuropsychological approach to cognitive rehabilitation within a private practice setting. Handbook of Contemporary Rehabilitation Psychology. NY: Charles Thomas.
Schacter, D. L., & Addis, D. R. (2007). The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 362(1481), 773–786.
Schrijnemaekers, A. C., Smeets, S. M., Ponds, R. W., van Heugten, C. M., & Rasquin, S. (2014, Sep-Oct). Treatment of unawareness of deficits in patients with acquired brain injury: a systematic review. J Head Trauma Rehabil, 29(5), E9-e30.
Shallice T. (1981). Neurological impairment of cognitive processes. British medical bulletin, 37(2), 187–192.
Shukla, S. K., Murali, N. S., & Brilliant, M. H. (2015). Personalized medicinegoing precise: From genomics to microbiomics. Trends in MolecularMedicine,21, 461–462.
Simons, J. S., Schölvinck, M. L., Gilbert, S. J., Frith, C. D., & Burgess, P. W. (2006). Differential components of prospective memory? Evidence from fMRI. Neuropsychologia, 44(8), 1388-1397.
Smith-Paine, J., Moscato, E. L., Narad, M. E., Sensenbaugh, J., Ling, B., Taylor, H. G., Stancin, T., Yeates, K. O., & Wade, S. L. (2023). More to the story than executive function: Effortful control soon after injury predicts long-term functional and social outcomes following pediatric traumatic brain injury in young children. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 29(4), 325–335.
Sohlberg, M. M., & Mateer, C. A. (2001). Cognitive rehabilitation: An integrative neuropsychological approach: Guilford Press.
Stone, M. H., & Wright, B. D. (1980). Knox's Cube Test—Revised. Chicago: Stoelting.
Strauss E, Sherman EMS, Spreen O. (2006) A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). New York, US: Oxford University Press.
Stroke Association. (2018). Lived experience of stroke report. https://www.stroke.org.uk/h4b
Sturm, W., & Willmes, K. (2001). On the functional neuroanatomy of intrinsic and phasic alertness. NeuroImage, 14(1 Pt 2), S76–S84.
Stuss, D. T. (2011). Traumatic brain injury: relation to executive dysfunction and the frontal lobes. Current Opinion in Neurology, 24(6).
Squire, L. R., & Knowlton, B. J. (1995). Memory, hippocampus, and brain systems. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 825–837).
Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1996). Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93(24), 13515–13522.
Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. The Lancet, 304(7872), 81-84.
Teplan, M. (2002). Fundamentals of EEG measurement. Measurement science review, 2(2), 1-11.
The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators. (1988). Journal of clinical epidemiology, 41(2), 105–114.
Turner-Stokes, L., Pick, A., Nair, A., Disler, P. B., & Wade, D. T. (2015). Multi-disciplinary rehabilitation for acquired brain injury in adults of working age. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015(12), CD004170.
Vakil E. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment: principles, rationale, and challenges. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 34(2), 135–150.
Van Bost, G., Van Damme, S., & Crombez, G. (2022). Goal adjustment and well-being after an acquired brain injury: the role of cognitive flexibility and personality traits. PeerJ, 10, e13531.
Vogler, J., Klein, A.M., & Bender, A. (2014). Long-term health-related quality-of-life in patients with acquired brain injury and their caregivers. Brain Injury, 28, 1381-1388.
Walter, H., Berger, M., & Schnell, K. (2009). Neuropsychotherapy: conceptual, empirical and neuroethical issues. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 259 Suppl 2, S173-182.
Wilson, B. A., Alderman, N., Burgess, P. W., Emsile, H., Evans, J. J.（1996）. Behavioural Assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. Thames Valley Test Company.
World Health Organization (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), WHO, Geneva.
Ylvisaker, M., Adelson, P. D., Braga, L. W., Burnett, S. M., Glang, A., Feeney, T., Moore, W., Rumney, P., & Todis, B. (2005). Rehabilitation and ongoing support after pediatric TBI: twenty years of progress. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 20(1), 95–109.
Zangwill O. L. (1947). Psychological aspects of rehabilitation in cases of brain injury. The British journal of psychology. General section, 37(2), 60–69.