鈦金屬及其合金具有良好的機械性質以及加工性，同時也具有優良的生物相容性，適合做為生醫植入物，然而鈦基材表面與體內血液接觸時相容性不佳，需要藉由表面改質改善鈦金屬的血液相容性。過去學者研究臨岸生物貝類淡菜(Mussel)，淡菜能分泌有特殊胺基酸結構(Dihydroxyphenylalanine, DOPA)的黏性蛋白質，賦予它自身在海岸環境下仍能穩固黏著在岩岸礁石的能力，受此概念刺激，有學者使用DOPA 分子——多巴胺(Mussel-inspired biomimetic molecule dopamine)進行表面改質相關研究。多巴胺與DOPA 分子結構上相似，具有鄰-苯二酚(catechols)結構，此結構的化學性質讓它能作為錨定基團(Anchor group)能與鈦基材表面形成鍵結。含雙電性結構的表面改質能達到抗積垢(Anti-fouling)的效果，進而提升改質鈦金屬基材血液相容性。
本研究目標為利用羧酸甜菜鹼基提供雙電性，並利用多巴胺作為起始務提供鄰苯
二酚基團作為錨定基團，合成3-((3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)dimethylammonio)propanoate (carboxybetaine dopamine, CB-DA)分子，並預期後續表面改質能賦予鈦金屬表面抗積垢性質。然而，CB-DA 的合成路徑以及純化程序，由於官能基反應性、副反應、產物不穩定性等，經歷許多嘗試與修正，因此本研究主要集中於合成路徑的選擇以及在純化所遭遇到的問題，而合成後產物利用NMR 進行結構鑑定。此外，雙電性分子其自身維持電中性的同時，仍帶有正電及負電基團，用以表面改質後具有的抗積垢效果卻仍未被了解清楚；因此，除雙電性分子CB-DA，本研究合成同樣具有鄰苯二分作為改質之錨定基團，但末端含有不同官能基的分子，利用在一定酸鹼環境下自身酸解離度以及可質子化的差異，賦予改質後鈦金屬表面不同表面電荷，藉此探討表面電荷與生物性分子(如：血小板)之間的相互作用以了解抗積垢的起因。

Titanium and its alloys are widely known implant biomaterials. Due to mechanical strength, anti-corrosion ability and biocompatibility, it is widely applied on hard tissue replacement implants, coronary stent, etc. However, direct contact of titanium interface with blood accompanies nonspecific protein adsorption and bacteria adhesion, which will induce adverse pathogenic problems, such as tissue adhesion, thrombosis or infection. In order to solve this critical issue, anti-fouling (i.e. protein and/or bacteria adsorption resistant) characteristics are desperately needed for an implant device. Varieties of chemical treatments and physical methods were developed to enhance antifouling performance on titanium substrate.
In this study, 3-((3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)dimethylammonio)propanoate (carboxybetaine dopamine, CB-DA), an unprecedentedly synthesized compound containing both catechol and zwitterionic carboxybetaine functionalities, was designed and synthesized in order to render the titanium surface antifouling properties via active catecholic-bonding. Meanswhile, compounds containing catecholic anchor group with different functional endgroup were also synthesized and is expected to used for investigating interaction between surface charge and surrounding biomolecules, such as platelets.
Although CB-DA is a novel zwitterionic compound with high potential for anti-fouling applications, complicated purification and tedious work-up were necessarily needed due to the fact that synthesis route of CB-DA is severely limited to happening of side-reaction, reactivity of reactant, and stability of product. This study focused on the synthesis route and preparation of CB-DA. NMR was used to analyze synthesized compounds. The success of CB-DA synthesis and the improvement of production will highly increase its feasibility on anti-fouling application.

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