井測(Well logging)是一種地球物理探勘的方式，主要目的在於探知地層下人眼無法觀測之區域，透過將探針下放置井孔之中，並在探針的向上提拉的同時，量測並記錄隨著地層深度變化，不同地層之各式物理特性。井測廣泛地應用於石油工業中，因其提供了辨識油氣儲集層的關鍵地質特性，而成為當中不可或缺的一環，但自1956年首次將井測法引入作為沉積學的工具後，因井測曲線的形狀與沉積物的粒徑序列具有高相似性，井測學乃被長期應用在沉積相的解釋之中。
本研究與南科考古鑽探計畫合作，於臺南南科園區內之十九口鑽探井中進行井測作業，取得近地表至100公尺深之地球物理特性資料，項目包含：電阻井測、自然伽瑪井測、聲波井測及孔內超聲波造影。經比對之後，我們主要以自然伽瑪井測作為分析工具，依照其數據曲線所呈現出的趨勢與形狀，與電阻率、聲波及井下超聲波井測比較，分析與統整在研究區域內常見的電測相，並以岩芯資訊做為輔助，與井測資料進行交互對照，以對特定電測相所可能代表的沉積環境進行推測與解釋，探討不同的環境在井測資料上的表現。
研究結果顯示，自然伽瑪、電阻率及聲波井測三者共享的高振幅特性，可用於界定地層中岩性轉變劇烈的層位，提供井測與地表下相對的控制點，而透過自然伽瑪劃分形狀基準的制定，所界定出象徵不同沉積環境的各種曲線形狀，在由各井資料對比後所建立之地層剖面中也有著一致的相關性，如在井中識別出的障蔽砂洲序列以及河口相環境的出現，能夠提供該時期古海岸線位置的資訊，給予我們在台南科學園區區域中的沉積環境變遷有更佳的解釋。
本研究藉由自然伽瑪曲線為分析工具，建立了一套劃分數據曲線之趨勢及形狀的標準，提供我們在實時井測作業中，對地表下的岩層岩性以及沉積環境分析上快速且直觀之方法，可與其他分析工具參考對照，如岩芯判識等，並對地表下的環境變遷有更深刻的理解。

Well logging is a geophysical exploration method crucial in the petroleum industry for identifying oil and gas reservoirs. In collaboration with the Tainan Science Industry Park AO region drilling project, this study conducted logging in nineteen boreholes in Taiwan. Data collected from near-surface to 100 meters depth included electrical resistivity, natural gamma-ray, sonic logging, and borehole acoustic imaging. Natural gamma-ray logging exhibited a strong correlation with lithology. The study focused on its analysis, integrating common electrical logging phases with resistivity, sonic, and downhole ultrasonic data. Results revealed high-amplitude characteristics in natural gamma-ray, resistivity, and sonic logs, aiding in delineating lithological changes. Shape-based criteria for interpreting natural gamma-ray curves identified various sedimentary environments, including barrier sand sequences and fluvial environments, providing insights into the paleo-coastline location in the Tainan Science Industry Park. The study established standards for trend and shape division, offering a rapid method for real-time well logging operations, enhancing understanding of subsurface lithology and environmental changes.

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