焚化飛灰（municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash）與脫硫石膏（flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum）皆屬常見之煙道灰，其化學組成富含Ca、Si等元素，應具有作為高壓蒸氣養護氣泡混凝土（autoclaved aerated concrete，AAC）替代原料之潛力。但因含有重金屬及大量氯鹽與硫酸鹽，對於一般水泥系材料存在侵蝕與耐久性之問題，因此其資源化再利用受到許多限制。由於目前少有研究探討氯鹽與硫酸鹽在高壓蒸氣養護後對AAC之影響，若能釐清此鹽類之作用並應用焚化飛灰與脫硫石膏產製AAC，不僅能促進資源循環，並可解決廢棄物處置問題。
本研究首先透過添加試藥級氯化鈉（NaCl）、氯化鈣（CaCl2•2H2O）與硫酸鈣（CaSO4•2H2O）於AAC原料中，探討氯鹽與硫酸鹽對製品物理性質之影響，再將焚化飛灰與脫硫石膏以調質方式應用於AAC之製作，藉由調整拌合水量，歸納原料最適製作條件，並透過批次與長期溶出試驗瞭解不同替代比例下之製品重金屬與鹽類溶出特性。
研究結果顯示，NaCl對AAC製品之抗壓強度與密度影響最為顯著，當Cl-含量僅為0.18 wt.%時，抗壓強度大幅下降6 MPa，而含CaCl2•2H2O之試體強度亦降低2.29 MPa，顯示氯鹽對AAC製品密度與抗壓強度有負面影響。而添加CaSO4•2H2O同樣會降低製品抗壓強度，雖影響程度不若CaCl2•2H2O，但可知硫酸鹽亦不利於AAC製品強度發展。藉由性能因子（performance factor，Pf）得知，當氯鹽與硫酸鹽單位含量介於約4×10-5～4×10-4 mole/g-sample時，添加CaCl2•2H2O之試體具有較高Pf值，若含量超過此範圍，則以添加CaSO4•2H2O之Pf值較高，因此可知氯鹽與硫酸鹽對AAC製品性能表現之影響須依其含量加以判定。
此外，應用焚化飛灰產製AAC係以水固比為0.65 L/kg製品具有較佳之密度與強度表現，亦可提高取代比例至20 wt.%，並符合AAC標準規範。而脫硫石膏產製AAC之適當水固比為0.70 L/kg，雖然密度與強度表現皆不如水固比為0.65 L/kg製品，但於此拌合水量情況下，可使脫硫石膏取代比例達到20 wt.%並符合AAC標準，其資材化效益較佳。
在溶出試驗中，無論在去離子水、酸雨或醋酸環境下，各製品之批次性溶出試驗之重金屬濃度皆低於偵測極限，並符合「有害事業廢棄物認定標準」與綠建材溶出標準，顯示應用焚化飛灰與脫硫石膏製作AAC應無重金屬溶出疑慮。而桶槽溶出試驗顯示一般元素係以Ca、Si、Na與K有顯著溶出現象，另外荷蘭建築材料指令（building material decree，BMD）所管制之15種重金屬則全數低於偵測極限。
在氯鹽與硫酸鹽溶出特性方面，由溶出率可知，脫硫石膏製品於批次性試驗中，氯鹽與硫酸鹽溶出皆較焚化飛灰顯著；而桶槽溶出試驗則呈現不同趨勢，焚化飛灰之製品氯鹽係有較高溶出率，硫酸鹽則仍以脫硫石膏之製品溶出現象較明顯。綜合言之，應用煙道灰產製AAC應具有可行性，且製品並無重金屬溶出之虞，但可溶性鹽類之釋出仍須進一步研究。

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum are common residues with rich calcium and silica elements, so that they have the potential to be used in the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) as an alternative raw material. But they also contain large quantity of chloride and sulfate which may cause corrosion and durability problems to the cementitious products, therefore the reusability was restricted. Due to these reasons, there are three objectives in this study which are: (1) to investigate the effects of chloride and sulfate on the production of AAC, (2) reuse of MSWI fly ash and FGD gypsum to produce AAC, (3) understanding the leachability of heavy metal, chloride and sulfate from AAC products.
The results show that NaCl has the most serious impact on the density and compressive strength of AAC products. When the chloride content is about 0.18 wt.%, the strength of the sample with NaCl addition reduce 6 MPa and the sample contain CaCl2•2H2O decrease 2.29 MPa as well, which indicate that chloride has the negative effect on AAC products. In addition, the sample with CaSO4•2H2O addition lower the strength of sample as well, it means sulfate does not benefit to the strength development of AAC product.
On the other hand, the appropriate water to solid ratio is 0.65 L/kg when utilizing MSWI fly ash in AAC production, which could extend the replacement ratio to 20 wt.% with better AAC properties and meet ASTM AAC specification. Besides, the proper water to solid ratio for AAC product made by FGD gypsum is 0.70 L/kg, although the sample properties is worse than the AAC with 0.65 L/kg, it could increase the replacement ratio up to 20 wt.% and meet ASTM standard.
In terms of leaching test, the leaching concentration of heavy metals of AAC products meet TCLP and green building material limit when the conditions are at DI (deionized) water, acid rain and acetic acid. Besides, according to tank leaching test, excepting Ca, Si, Na and K elements, the leaching concentration of 15 heavy metals of building material decree (BMD) are not detected. Which indicate that there is no doubt that the utilization of MSWI fly ash and FGD gypsum in AAC will not have leaching toxicity of heavy metals.
The chloride and sulfate leaching properties could be determined by cumulative leaching percentage. The FGD gypsum products perform obvious leaching properties among of batch tests, but different leaching trend was observed in the tank leaching test, that is, the AAC products with MSWI fly ash easily leach out chloride, and FGD gypsum products show clear leaching property of sulfate.

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