近年來，無線感測網路已經逐漸地受到重視且被用來監測各種環境參數。無線感測網路是由許多的感測節點所組成的，其中，這些感測節點在無人駐守的環境中都是透過無線通訊技術來聯繫彼此。一般而言，感測節點有感測環境，收集我們所感興趣的資料，以及運算的能力，且也可以由多點跳耀的傳輸方式將收集的感測資料上傳給樹狀結構中最上層的根節點(Root)。隨著感測資料的收集，感測節點的電量將會耗盡且有可能因為一些外在環境的影響使得感測節點發生故障。因此，節點的電量的消耗將直接影響整個無線感測網路的使用壽命。為了避免少數的感測節點的失效而導致整個感測網路結構的崩壞，則必須要有一個節點容錯的機制來克服這個問題。本論文預定擬出一套節點容錯機制來維持整個感測網路的運作，強化感測網路的結構及其強健性，並希望能降低在失效區域中感測資料的錯誤率。在此本論文中，一般感測節點是以傳統樹狀結構拓樸去分布的。為了提高原先樹狀拓樸的感測網路之彈性，本論文欲把傳統拓樸結合Cluster-Mesh-Tree (CMT)拓樸來克服原先樹狀拓樸中鏈結固定的缺陷但仍保有原先樹狀拓樸的架構。最後，本論文欲提出一套針對失效節點做修復和重啟的修復機制。由自走車透過室內RSS 的fingerprinting定位演算法到達失效節點附近，且透過紅外線感測器來進行小範圍的定位進而讓自走車可以與失效節點做實體的連接。透過此連接介面，自走車可以收集其感測資料在資料遺失之前，並在人員到達修復之前，對失效節點做簡單重啟的動作。本研究可有效地減少人力資源的消耗且能讓感測網路持續一般的例行工作。
此外，系統之軟體設計以Visual Basic 2010開發平台為基礎，實現出一個圖形化使用者介面，提供使用者監控及管理感測環境的感測資料，且能透過顯示的感測資料去觀察環境的變化。

In recent years, the wireless sensor network (WSN) has gradually been noticed for monitoring the various environmental parameters. The WSN is constituted with a large number of sensor nodes which connect to one another by wireless communication deployed in the unattended region. Generally, sensor nodes are used to sense the environment, collect and calculate the interested data. Then, the sensor nodes deliver the sensed data to the Root, a single node in the highest layer of the tree network, by multi-hop transmission. During the sensor node’s monitoring the environment, the consumption of power is an extremely significant factor that directly effects the lifetime of the WSN. Due to the limited power of the sensor node and the influence from the external factors, it is possible that the sensor nodes may break down. In this respect, we have to take the protection measures to avoid the network from crashing caused by failure of a few sensor nodes’ working. In this thesis, we propose node tolerance to maintain the normal operation of the sensor network, enhance the network structure and its robustness, and reduce the error rate of the sensed data in the broken region where the sensor nodes fail to link with the Root. In this thesis, general sensor nodes are established by the traditional Cluster-Tree (CT) topology. Therefore, for increasing the flexibility of network structure, the combination of the Cluster-Mesh-Tree (CMT) and the CT topology will be used to conquer the weakness of immovable link in traditional CT topology, and also maintain the basic structure of tree topology. Eventually, a repair procedure to restore the failure nodes and avoid the sensed data lost is proposed. The repair robot can repair the failure nodes by re-booting and collecting the sensed data of the failure nodes through directly contacting before personnel arrive at the site. To contact with the failure node directly, the position method is critical for repair procedure. Regarding this concern, we therefore employ a positioning algorithm called fingerprinting in the received signal strength (RSS) model, and use the IR positioning with infrared sensor to compensate the error distance generated from fingerprinting algorithm method. The research saves human labor to maintain the WSN and its routine mission.

In this thesis, the GUI software has been implemented by Visual Basic 2010 development platform. The User can store the sensed data, monitor, observe and manage the changes of environment with the platform.

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