專業音樂家或特定腦區受損的病患近年來被視為是用於檢驗神經系統理論和發展評估疾病系統的對象。在本研究中，我們透過對正常人的比較去探討兩個特殊的族群，一是腦部對於聽覺特化的音樂家，二是有聽覺相關腦區缺損的精神分裂症患者。透過分析大腦皮質上對於單聲響和諧性與複雜性上的差異，去探討大腦可塑性以及精神分裂症對於聽覺腦區造成的缺損。
在行為實驗中，我們發現精神分裂症患者對於刺激的反應比正常人來的慢。這個延遲現象表示精神分裂症可能造成某些信息處理功能缺損。在事件相關電位實驗中，精神分裂症患者在 N1和P2的活化均較正常人來的弱。這些結果顯示精神分裂症可能影響聽覺處理或造成顳葉功能障礙。對於聲音複雜性而言，健康者在聽到和弦刺激時比起聽到音程刺激引起較強的N1活化。然而，精神分裂症患者在聽到和弦與音程刺激時卻表現出相似的活化，推測精神分裂症亦影響處理聲音複雜性的相關功能。對於音樂和諧性而言，無論在和弦或是音程，音樂家在聽到和諧的刺激比起聽到不和諧的刺激引起較強的P2活化。推測音樂家可能將聲音的和諧性反應於P2上。此外，音樂家相對於正常人表現出較強的P2活化。由於音樂家長期接受專業的音樂訓練，推測此強化的現象可能來自於大腦可塑性的影響。
本研究不僅提供了腦皮質處理音樂和諧性與聲音複雜性的相關資訊。同時，也提供了有關大腦可塑性以及精神分裂症的相關結果。我們發現，精神分裂症在患者腦部所造成的缺損反應出較弱的腦波成分，而大腦可塑性在音樂家造成的改變反應出較強的腦波成分。相信本研究結果可以幫助未來發展診斷協助、臨床上協助追踪病症變化或更深入研究的參考。在未來，結合腦電圖(EEG)和功能性磁振造影(fMRI)的同步記錄相信能夠獲得更精確的資訊或進一步的去了解病患在大腦結構上缺損的情況或音樂家於大腦可塑性的變化。

Professional musician or individual who has neuropsychiatric disorders to specific brain regions has long been used to test theories or develop assessment system for illness. In this study, we used both specific groups, musician, whose brain are highly specialized in auditory, and schizophrenia patient, who are neuropsychiatric disordered, compared with normal subject to find out the brain plasticity in musician and the auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia patients by behavioral and electrophysiological measuring the cortical processing of musical consonance and sound complexity.
In behavior experiment, schizophrenia patients showed slower respond to the stimuli than normal subjects. This delay indicated that the disease may impair some function of information processing in schizophrenia patients. In ERPs experiment, schizophrenia patients showed reduced N1 and P2 compared with normal subjects. These evidences may implicate auditory processing deficits or temporal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. For sound complexity, healthy subjects showed stronger negative N1 when triads were presented than intervals were presented. However, schizophrenia patients showed similar N1 activity for triads and intervals stimuli, indicated that the disease may also impair associated cortical processing of sound complexity. For musical consonance, musicians showed stronger positive P2 when consonant stimuli were presented than dissonant stimuli were presented for both triads and intervals, indicated that P2 component may reflect the degree of consonance for musicians. In addition, musicians showed stronger positive P2 than normal subjects. Because of their long-term musical training, this enhancement of P2 may be due to the brain plasticity effect.
In summary, this study provided some information about cortical processing of musical consonance and sound complexity. It also revealed some biological basis of brain plasticity and illness. We found that the reduced component may reflect the deficits in schizophrenia patients and enhanced component may reflect the brain plasticity in musicians. Our results may be useful for developing diagnosis assistance, tracking changes in clinical symptoms, or helping further researching. In the future, combination of EEG and fMRI recordings might able to obtain more precise information or further new insights of the brain structural deficit in patients or enhancement in musicians.

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