國際海事組織規範國際海運減碳目標2030年、2040年以及2050年需較2008年分別減少20%、70%以及淨零排放。本研究分析三種貨櫃船舶，分別使用替代燃料(LNG)、碳捕捉以及購買碳權等三種減碳措施，於不同情境假設下之減碳效果以及成本分析。
情境假設如下(1)基礎情境:LNG使用率以每年1.59%幅度成長，無其他減碳措施。(2)情境一:LNG使用率以每年1.62%成長，無其他減碳措施。(3)情境二:LNG使用率維持每年成長1.62%，碳捕捉系統使用率每年成長4.00%。(4)情境三:LNG使用率仍維持年成長率1.62%，碳捕捉系統使用率年成長以達成IMO減碳目標為依據，並探討於此情境下，使用人工海洋鹼化增加藍碳碳匯之減碳效果。
各情境研究結果如下(1)基礎情境，三種船舶於2030年、2040年以及2050年三階段中，總碳排放量分別為55.64百萬公噸、66.27百萬公噸以及75.70百萬公噸，相較IMO目標，超額排放分別為26.18百萬公噸、55.22百萬公噸以及75.70百萬公噸。(2)情境一改變LNG使用率成長量，三種船舶於上述三階段總碳排放量分別為55.62百萬公噸、66.18百萬公噸以及75.52百萬公噸，超額排放分別為26.16百萬公噸、55.14百萬公噸以及75.52百萬公噸。(3)情境二加入碳捕捉系統後，三種船舶於三階段總碳排放量為48.06百萬公噸、39.22百萬公噸以及24.24百萬公噸，超額排放分別為18.61百萬公噸、28.17百萬公噸以及24.24百萬公噸。(4)因以上情境皆未能IMO減碳目標，故於情境三調整碳捕捉系統使用率，達成IMO目標，此情境三階段總碳排放量分別為29.46百萬公噸、11.05百萬公噸以及7.78百萬公噸，僅於2050年因技術限制，產生超額排放7.78百萬公噸。若將情境三之碳捕捉系統產物作為鹼化劑投入海中，增加藍碳碳匯，則三階段總碳排放量，分別為29.32百萬公噸、10.76百萬公噸以及7.43百萬公噸。2030年以及2040年可超前達成減碳目標，2050年依舊有超額排放7.43百萬公噸。(5)於成本分析，基礎情境與情境一於2030年、2040年以及2050年的總成本分別約為10.34十億歐元、15.13十億歐元以及19.34十億歐元。情境二於三階段的總成本分別為10.83十億歐元、16.69十億歐元以及22.68十億歐元。情境三於三階段的總成本分別為12.04十億歐元、18.72十億歐元以及23.75十億歐元，若加入藍碳的三階段總成本，分別為12.08十億歐元、18.81十億歐元以及23.86十億歐元。
研究結果顯示，使用碳捕捉系統，搭配替代能源使用，可以有效減少貨櫃船舶二氧化碳排放，並有效幫助貨櫃航商達成IMO減碳目標，雖碳捕捉系統的使用會使成本提高，但是此技術可從排放源頭解決，仍具備實施之可行性及必要性。若可於使用碳捕捉系統之基礎上，加入人工海洋鹼化，增加藍碳碳匯，可增加碳捕捉系統之減碳效益，並將碳捕捉產生之額外經濟效益，投入海洋保育，增進海洋永續性。僅依靠使用替代能源以及減速航行等較消極減碳措施，已不足以應對全球減碳的急迫性與逐步嚴苛的減碳標準，應當採取更積極的減碳措施。碳捕捉系統以及人工海洋鹼化的結合，具有高度減碳潛力，雖伴隨較高使用成本，但為根治碳排放之作法，可視為未來貨櫃航運減碳的可行解，政府也應正視該技術的減碳效益，推廣該項技術，與航商合作，共同朝2050淨零碳排放的目標努力。

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims to cut carbon emissions in international shipping by 20% by 2030, 70% by 2040, and achieve net-zero by 2050, relative to 2008 levels. This study examines the effectiveness and costs of three mitigation measures for container ships: alternative fuels (LNG), carbon capture, and carbon credits trading under various scenarios. BAU: LNG usage increases annually by 1.59% with no other measures. Scenario 1: LNG usage grows by 1.62% annually with no other measures. Scenario 2: LNG usage grows by 1.62% annually, and carbon capture grows by 4.00% annually. Scenario 3: LNG usage grows by 1.62%, carbon capture adjusts to meet IMO targets, and artificial ocean alkalinization enhances blue carbon sequestration.
Results show that the Baseline and Scenario 1 exceed IMO targets by up to 75.70 million tons by 2050. Scenario 2 sees significant reductions but still exceeds targets by 24.24 million tons by 2050. Scenario 3 meets targets in 2030 and 2040 but exceeds by 7.43 million tons in 2050 when including blue carbon. Cost analysis reveals higher costs for scenarios incorporating carbon capture, with Scenario 3 being the most expensive. However, combining carbon capture with artificial ocean alkalinization shows the greatest potential for carbon reduction, albeit at a higher cost.
The study concludes that aggressive measures, such as combining carbon capture and artificial ocean alkalinization, are necessary to meet IMO targets. Governments and shipping companies must collaborate to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

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