脊髓損傷之後，受傷的區域會形成膠質疤的結構，以幫助修復受傷的組織並抑制傷害情形的蔓延。膠質疤主要由一些細胞骨架蛋白與胞外基質蛋白所組成，如硫化軟骨蛋白 (CSPGs) ，其結構十分緊密而做為一道物理性的屏障阻礙了軸突再生，使神經再生更加困難。而膠質疤的形成是由膠細胞增生所導致的，並且脊髓損傷的區域會
有大量的膠細胞聚集，因此了解膠細胞增生的機制是十分重要的。首先實驗利用蛋白質體分析觀察受傷的脊髓組織整體蛋白質的表現變化，結果發現β 肌動蛋白 (β-actin)
與肌動蛋白調控蛋白 (CAPG) 於脊髓受傷後兩週時的表現量比受傷後一天還高。接著使用西方墨點法驗證於蛋白質體分析的結果，也同樣觀察到β-actin 於受傷後一週與二週時增加。而進一步在組織免疫染色結果可以觀察到圓球狀β-actin+細胞分佈於脊髓受傷後一週的受傷中心區域。另外於之前的實驗發現，脊髓撞擊受傷後兩週，受傷中心組織表現一種硫化軟骨蛋白分子，其分子量約為40 kDa，此種硫化軟骨蛋白的表現量會隨著受傷後時間而增加，而其他離受傷中心較遠處的脊髓組織並無此種硫化軟骨蛋白的表現。接著我們在脊髓損傷第三天(40 kDa CSPG 有表現的時間點)給予
CSPG 的分解酵素，此軟骨素分解酶chABC 可以增進脊髓損傷老鼠後肢移動能力，而且促進效果比脊髓髓損傷後立即給予chABC 處理較佳。綜合實驗結果，脊髓損傷三天後β-actin 與40 kDa-CSPG 表現量大增，此現象可能與受傷組織細胞骨架結構重組以及膠質增生有關。

Glial scar is formed after spinal cord injury (SCI), to assist wound healing and to prevent the spread of tissue damage. However, this physical barrier with condensed
extracellular matrix proteins such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), hinders axonal regeneration and makes CNS regeneration to be difficult. The scar formation is derived from gliosis, robust proliferation and accumulation of activated glial cells in the lesion site. Therefore, it is important to understand mechanism involved in gliosis. The proteomic analysis was performed to examine the temporal expression of the soluble
proteins in the lesion center of the contused spinal cord. The results showed that there was differential expression of β-actin and macrophage capping protein (CAPG) in the injured spinal cord at 24 h and 2 week post SCI. Western blotting indicated that significant increase in β-actin was observed at 1 week and 2 week post SCI. Immunofluorescence showed that the shape of β-actin+ cells observed around the epicenter at 1 week post SCI was round and small. Furthermore, our previous study found that the production of CSPG-related protein with the molecular weight of 40-kDa was observed in the lesion center of the contused spinal cord at 2 week post SCI, and the expression of the 40-kDa protein was upregulated along with the longer survived time after SCI. Furthermore, we
found the hindlimb locomotion of injured rats is improved better with delayed treatment with chABC compared with treatment right after SCI. These observations demonstrate that the levels of β-actin and 40 kDa CSPG in the injured site are increased at the onset of gliosis, and possibly involve extensive cytoskeleton rearrangement of activated glial cells
in the injured spinal cord.

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