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研究生: 林建德
Lin, jian-de
論文名稱: 沿岸輸氣管受海浪衝擊之安全性分析與實驗
Safety Analysis and Experiment on Coast Gas Pipe Line impacted by Ocean waves
指導教授: 涂季平
Too, ji-pi
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 系統及船舶機電工程學系
Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 83
中文關鍵詞: 有限元素分析振動渦旋
外文關鍵詞: finite element analysis, vibration, vortex
相關次數: 點閱:66下載:2
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  • 本文對沿岸輸氣管線結構受海浪的波浪外力衝擊,其尾流剝離渦漩誘發結構振動進行研究。擬定出三大研究步驟,第一步驟為軟體模擬分析,第二步驟為建立實驗軟硬體架構,第三步驟為實驗數據分析與模擬比較。

    在模擬分析方面採用STAR-CCM+軟體分析流場,模擬得渦度、阻力係數、升力係數、壓力值等資訊。再將壓力值匯入有限元素軟體ANSYS,模擬模態分析與暫態分析,分別計算出系統自然頻率與結構位移等資訊,最後進行安全性評估。在實驗方面以量測自然頻率和位移量,並與模擬結果做比較。

    根據這一套流程與方法預測實際海底管線之安全評估,降低實際海流敲擊管線實驗操作的難度。

    This report aims to research on the structure vibration of coastal gas pipelines caused by vortex shedding under the impact of ocean waves. Following are the three steps of the research: first, to analyze by software simulation; second, to establish the experimental structure of the software and hardware; third, to compare with the simulation analysis and to analyze the experiment data and to compare the simulation.

    In terms of simulation analysis, STAR-CCM+ software is used to analyze flow field and simulate such information as vortex, drag force coefficient, lift force coefficient, and pressure value. Then input the pressure values into the ANSYS to simulate modal analysis and transient analysis, to compute the data such as natural frequency and structure displacement respectively, and finally to estimate safety. In terms of the experiment, natural frequency and displacement are measured and compared with the simulation results.

    Based on this process and method, a prediction for safety estimation of submerged pipelines can be made to reduce the difficulty of the experimental operation on the actual ocean current tapping pipelines.

    目錄 摘要.............................................................................................................I 英文摘要...................................................................................................II 致謝....................................................................................................III 目錄..........................................................................................................IV 表目錄...................................................................................................VIII 圖目錄.....................................................................................................IX 緒論..........................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機.........................................................................1 1.2 相關文獻回顧.............................................................................4 1.3 研究章節與內容架構 ...............................................................9 第二章 基礎理論與模擬....................................................................10 2.1 前言...........................................................................................10 2.2 流場分析...................................................................................12 2.2.1 模型建立..........................................................................12 2.2.2 基本假設..........................................................................13 2.2.3 流場參數說明..................................................................14 2.2.4 統御方程式......................................................................17 2.2.5 邊界條件..........................................................................18 2.2.6 數值模擬方法..................................................................19 2.2.6.1 商用軟體簡介.......................................................19 2.2.6.2 數值方法...............................................................19 2.2.7 數值模擬結果..................................................................20 2.3 結構振動分析...........................................................................26 2.3.1 模型建立..........................................................................26 2.3.2 數值模擬方法..................................................................31 2.3.3 數值模擬結果..................................................................36 2.3.3.1 模態分析.............................................................36 2.3.3.2 結構位移量.........................................................39 2.4 安全性評估...............................................................................42 第三章 實驗架構介紹........................................................................46 3.1 實驗架構...................................................................................47 3.2 實驗儀器與設備.......................................................................50 3.2.1 流速量測部分..................................................................50 3.2.2 振動訊號量測部份..........................................................51 3.2.3 資料擷取部分..................................................................52 3.2.4 即時控制與量測介面......................................................53 3.3 實驗方法.................................................................................54 3.3.1 振動量測..........................................................................54 3.3.2 訊號分析..........................................................................54 3.3.3 數據分析..........................................................................56 第四章 實驗數據分析........................................................................57 4.1 自然頻率...................................................................................57 4.2 位移量.......................................................................................58 4.3 實驗結果與模擬數值比較.......................................................62 第五章 簡化模型....................................................................63 5.1 前言...........................................................................................63 5.2 簡化模型...................................................................................63 第六章 一般海底管線模擬................................................................68 6.1 前言...........................................................................................68 6.2 流場分析...................................................................................68 6.3 結構振動分析...........................................................................73 6.4 安全性評估...............................................................................76 6.5 模擬結果...................................................................................78 第七章 結論與未來展望....................................................................79 7.1 結論...........................................................................................79 7.2 未來展望...................................................................................81 參考文獻..................................................................................................82 表目錄 表1.1 圓柱後方之五種尾流區型態(Zdravkovich,1997).......................8 表2.1 層流、紊流分類...........................................................................14 表2.2 元素類型.....................................................................................29 表2.3 自然頻率與振態.........................................................................37 表2.4 收斂分析結果.............................................................................38 表2.5 一般材料之安全係數【12】........................................................44 表6.1 桃園觀音海域各迴歸期波高與週期表.....................................69 表6.2 自然頻率與振態.........................................................................74 圖目錄 圖1.1 圓柱表面壓力場變化圖(Frank M.White).................................2 圖1.2 流體流經圓柱所產生的分離現象及尾流渦流【18】..................4 圖1.3 單一圓柱末端尾流與雷諾數相關形態.....................................5 圖1.4 單一圓柱雷諾數與史卓荷數關係【18】......................................6 圖 1.5 本研究之三大步驟流程............................................................9 圖2.1 分析流程圖...............................................................................11 圖2.2 幾何結構....................................................................................12 圖2.3 模擬之邊界範圍(Posdziech,2007)...........................................13 圖2.4 Re與St之相對應關係【18】.....................................................16 圖2.5 邊界條件示意圖....................................................................18 圖2.6 自由液面示意圖.......................................................................18 圖2.7 渦度週期圖(Re=336)..............................................................21 圖2.8 阻力係數圖(Re=336)..............................................................22 圖 2.9 圓柱(桶)和平板的阻力係數圖(參考文獻:工程流體力學)...22 圖2.10 升力係數圖(Re=336)............................................................23 圖2.11 圓柱後方渦流壓力週期圖(Re=336)....................................23 圖2.12 壓力週期圖(Re=336).............................................................25 圖2.13 Fiuid142之元素構造..............................................................26 圖2.14 Solid45之元素構造..............................................................27 圖2.15模擬選用之耦合分析...............................................................27 圖 2.16 ANSYS建立鋼管模型...........................................................28 圖 2.17 ANSYS建立流固耦合模型....................................................30 圖2.18 四分之一剖面網格模型.........................................................30 圖 2.19 典型暫態動力學分析...............................................................39 圖2.20 位移圖..............................................................................41 圖 2.21 負荷類型【12】...........................................................................44 圖2.22應力圖...............................................................................46 圖3.1 實驗架構................................................................................47 圖3.2 拖航水槽與台車.......................................................................48 圖3.3 鋼管、加速規裝置圖...............................................................49 圖3.4 電磁式流速計.........................................................................50 圖3.5 加速規....................................................................................54 圖3.6 振動量測系統之操作流程....................................................52 圖3.7 NI-DAQ.................................................................................52 圖3.8 依據本研究需求所撰寫的LABVIEW程式.......................53 圖3.9 LABVIEW程式之接收端介面示意圖................................53 圖4.1 自然頻率時域圖........................................................................57 圖4.2 自然頻率頻域圖........................................................................57 圖4.3 加速規安置示意圖.................................................................58 圖4.4 加速度時域圖.................................................................59 圖4.5 加速度頻域圖..............................................................59 圖4.6 速度時域圖....................................................................60 圖4.7 速度頻域圖.................................................................60 圖4.8 位移時域圖....................................................................61 圖4.9 位移頻域圖.................................................................61 圖5.1 CASE I...........................................................................64 圖5.2 CASE II..................................................................................64 圖 5.3 CASE I、II比較.........................................................................65 圖5.4 CASE III.................................................................................66 圖5.5 CASE IV...................................................................................66 圖5.6 CASE III、IV比較.................................................................67 圖 6.1 管線後方渦流壓力週期圖(Re=2×〖10〗^5)..................................68 圖 6.2 模擬條件示意圖.......................................................................70 圖 6.3 壓力週期圖(Re=2×〖10〗^5)..........................................................72 圖 6.4 ANSYS建立模型.....................................................................73 圖 6.5 大潭輸氣管線分佈...................................................................73 圖6.6 位移圖................................................................................75 圖6.7 應力圖................................................................................77

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