日本東北外海岩心MD012419（38°53.02'N，143°19.46'E，水深2291公尺）的浮游性有孔蟲氧同位素及化石分析，顯示當地次極區自上次間冰期(十二萬年)以來親潮及黑潮的鋒面有南北移動的現象。第5e-5c階時暖水種有孔蟲含量增加，顯示此時黑潮往北移;末次冰盛期到融冰期最上部這段時間左旋N. pachyderma和G. bulloides含量升高，顯示親潮往南移的訊息;而其餘的時間均處於混合水團的水文狀態。

依照有孔蟲破片數目和化石群組指標的推斷，本研究區域在第一階以及第5c階上部時，北太平洋中層水比較酸使有孔蟲破片數目含量高﹔而在第5e-5d、5c下部、5b-5a、第四階、第三階和第二階則是比較新鮮的北太平中層水，因此有孔蟲破片數目含量低。

第5e-5c階時全球溫度上升，有孔蟲（N. dutertrei + N.pachyderma）殼體也變大；而第2-3-4-5a/b階時則是地區性的表水循環影響，有孔蟲殼體相對變小﹔第一階的有孔蟲殼體大小呈現了不穩定的高頻振盪，另外殼體大小變異度也大於平均值，這顯示這段時間的水文環境相當不穩定。

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陳人達, 2003. IMAGES MD012419岩心近12萬年來之高解析度古溫度/古海洋變遷記錄。國立成功大學地球科學系碩士論文