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研究生：	鄒瑞卿 Chou, Jui-Ching
論文名稱：	台北都會區超高層建築深開挖角隅效應及潛變行為之數值分析 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF CORNER EFFECT AND CREEP BEHAVIOR FOR DEEP EXCAVATION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING IN TAIPEI METROPOLITAN
指導教授：	常正之 Charng, J.J.
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2002
畢業學年度：	90
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	287
中文關鍵詞：	深開挖
外文關鍵詞：	Deep Excavation
相關次數：	點閱：85 下載：9
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摘要
本文針對台北國際金融中心(Taipei International Financial Center, TIFC)深開挖計畫進行潛變行為以及角隅效應分析，文中採用二維有限元素程式PLAXIS進行潛變分析，以及三維有限差分程式FLAC3D研究角隅效應。首先，進行側向解壓不排水三軸潛變試驗之模擬，由模擬結果得知軸向潛變率和超額孔隙水壓反應和實驗室之量測之結果有相同的趨勢。其次，將台北國際金融中心深開挖計畫沿南-北向以及東-西向兩個方向進行二維潛變開挖分析，由分析結果以及現場量測數據之比較，可以證實在深開挖的過程中潛變分析確有其必要性。最後，在角隅效應分析方面，由於台北國際金融中心深開挖計畫中採用兩種不同的施工方法，即塔樓區採用順打工法，而裙樓區採用逆打工法施工，因此在三維分析中，乃就塔樓區以及裙樓區兩個區域分別進行，分析中並納入地下水的穩態滲流計算以模擬開挖中地下水的洩降現象，由分析結果以及現場的量測數據比較，可以發現深開挖過程中確實有角隅效應的存在。
由本研究結果可作下列結論，即對於長期施工及某特定幾何比例的深開挖，潛變行為及角隅效應必須納入分析考量。

ABSTRACT
A two-dimensional (2-D) Finite Element Method (FEM) with hardening/softening elastoplastic behavior, creep behavior and undrained condition is adopted to study the creep effect on TIFC (Taipei International Financial Center) deep excavation project. The FEM program, PLAXIS, was adopted to simulate the excavation processes. First, the triaxial creep tests were simulated. The numerical predictions and laboratory results have the same tendencies. Then, the TIFC deep excavation project was modeled in two directions. One is North-South direction the other is West-East direction. The comparisons of numerical predictions and field measurements are well agreements. And the creep effect indeed is reality and affects the accuracy of numerical predictions. A three-dimensional (3-D) Finite Difference Method (FDM) simulation with elastic-plastic behavior, undrained condition and seepage is adopted to investigate the corner effect on TIFC deep excavation project. The technique and the numerical procedures for modeling the excavation processes was proposed using FDM program, FLAC3D. The TIFC deep excavation project was modeled in two cases. One is Top-Down construction method in Podium Zone the other is Bottom-UP construction method in Tower zone. The comparisons of numerical predictions and field measurements are well agreements and the corner effects are existence.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter       Title                                              							               Page
Abstract                                                               i 
Acknowledgement                                                        iii 
Table of Contents                                                      iv
List of Tables                                                         viii
List of Figures                                                        ix 
List of Symbol                                                         xiv 
I	Introduction
1.1	General                                                       1
1.2	Objective of Study                                            1
1.3	Scope of Study                                                2
II	Literature Review
2.1  Deep Excavation                                                   3
2.1.1        Factors Influence Excavation Behavior                     3
2.1.2        Lateral Wall Movement                                     4
2.1.3        Ground Movement                                           5
        2.1.4        Bending Movement                                  7
                 2.1.5        Lateral Earth Pressure                   8
                 2.1.6        Pore water Pressure                      8
                 2.1.7        Strut Arrangement and Preloading         11
                 2.1.8        Creep Behavior                           12
                 2.2  Two Dimensional Numerical Analysis                                14
                 2.2.1        Analysis Types                           14
                 2.2.2        Effect of Wall Stiffness                 15
                 2.2.3        Effect of Unsupported Depth              15
                 2.2.4        Effect of Support tiffness               16
                 2.2.5        Effect of Wall Embedment Depth           16
2.3   Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis                             17
                 2.3.1        General Consideration                    17
                 2.3.2        Convergence study                        17
                 2.3.3        Corner Effect                            18
2.4   Geotechnial Engineering Aspects of Taipei Subsoil                22
                 2.4.1        Geological Conditions                    22
                 2.4.2        Typical Soil Stratum and Engineering
                              Properties                               23
                 2.4.3        Groundwater Conditions                   24
2.5   Three Dimensional Finite Difference Program-FLAC3D               24
                 2.5.1        Theoretical Background                   24
                 2.5.2        Element Types                            25
                                 2.5.2.1    Soil Elements              25
                                 2.5.2.2    Beam Structural Elements   25
                                 2.5.2.3    Shell Structural Elements  25
                 2.5.3        Constitutive Model                       26
                                 2.5.3.1  Elastic and Isotropic Model  26
                                 2.5.3.2  Mohr-Coulomb Plasticity
                                          Model                        26
2.6   Two Dimensional Finite Element Program-PLAXIS                    27
                  2.6.1       Theoretical Background                   27
                  2.6.2       Geometry                                 27
                                 2.6.2.1  Beam                         27
                                 2.6.2.2  Node-To-Node Anchors         27
                                 2.6.2.3  Interface                    27
                  2.6.3       Constitutive Model                       28
                                 2.6.3.1  Mohr-Coulomb Model           28
                                 2.6.3.2  Soft-Soil Creep Model        32
                                 2.6.3.3  Groundwater Drawdown         33
III	Methodology 
3.1   General                                                          36
           3.2   TIFC Project Introduce                                36
                  3.2.1       Project Features                         36
                  3.2.2       Field Instrumentation                    37
                  3.2.3      Site Investigation and Subsoil Condition  37
          3.3   Two-Dimensional Creep Effect Analysis                  37
                  3.3.1    Lateral Unloading Triaxial Creep Test
                           Analysis                                    37
                                 3.3.1.1  Laboratory Tests             37
                                 3.3.1.2  Geometry Model               38
                                 3.3.1.3  Material Model               38
                                 3.3.1.4   Implementation of Analysis  38
                  3.3.2     Two-Dimensional Creep Analysis of 
                            Full-Scaled Excavation in TIFC             39
                                 3.3.2.1  Geometry Model               39
                                 3.3.2.2  Material Model               39
                                 3.3.2.3  Implementation Analysis      40
           3.4   Three-Dimensional Corner Effect Analysis of TIFC
                 Project                                               40
                  3.4.1       Geometry Model                           40
                  3.4.2       Material Model                           41
                  3.4.3       Implementation Analysis                  42

IV	RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1   Comparison of Numerical Analysis and Testing Results of
      Triaxial Creep Test                                              44
                  4.1.1       Axial Strain                             44
                  4.1.2       Pore Water Pressure                      45
                  4.1.3       Sensitivity of Creep Model Parameters    45
4.2   2-D Numerical Analysis of TIFC Project with Creep Effect         45 
                  4.2.1       Lateral Wall Movement                    45
                  4.2.2       Ground settlement                        46
                  4.2.3       Bending Moment of Diaphragm Wall         46
                  4.2.4       Creep Effect                             47
4.3   3-D Numerical Analysis of TIFC Project with Corner Effect        47
                  4.3.1       Lateral Wall Movement                    47
                  4.3.2       Ground settlement                        48
                  4.3.3       Pore Water Pressure                      48
                  4.3.4       Confirmation of Plane Strain Boundary    49
                  4.3.5       Plane Strain Ratio and Width Effect of
                              Diaphragm                                49
V	CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1  Creep Effect                                                      50      
5.2  Corner Effect                                                     51
5.3  Recommendations                                                   52
References                                           53
Tables and Figures                                              57
Appendices A Data of Boring Log                                        160
Appendices B Laboratory Testing of Bore Hole                           174
Appendices C Supplement Figures                                        183
Appendices D FLAC3D Figures and Instrumentation Figure                 240
Appendices E Program Code                                              2511
                                    

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