本研究利用聚丙烯纖維製作出具有抗菌能力的含銀布料，銀的前驅物選用三氟醋酸銀，經過特定功率的電漿處理後，以紫外光之分光光度計確認電漿還原出的銀顆粒為奈米級，並利用銀本身表面電漿共振效應斷定銀顆粒是附著在聚丙烯纖維上，而非纖維內部。在確認本研究開發之製程含銀敷料的基本特性後，將含銀纖維進行水洗，確認其抗水洗的能力。
過去有前人將奈米等級的銀顆粒鑲埋在電紡絲中，利用硝酸銀作為銀的前驅物，纖維經過電漿處理後，前驅物還原成為奈米銀顆粒，利用其優異的抗菌性能，配合電漿處理後，附著在纖維上的銀顆粒不易掉落的特性，製作出具有抗菌能力的纖維。同時，電漿處理的優勢在於可以讓前驅物直接還原成奈米銀顆粒，不必使用化學藥劑讓前驅物還原，避免銀前驅物產生預期之外的化學反應。
然而，電紡絲由於纖維直徑過細，達到奈米等級，會造成透氣性不佳的現象，導致空氣無法通過以電紡絲作為過濾器的面罩。因此，作為生醫口罩過濾器應用方面，含銀電紡絲不符合現在的需求。
奈米銀相關的研究中，銀濃度的控制和定量被認為是重要的，因此，本研究開發了一化學銀濃度檢量法，利用雙硫腙對銀元素的高敏感性以及高選擇性，以雙硫腙染料溶液的顏色變化進行銀濃度的換算，實現快速、便捷的銀濃度定量方式。
最後，本研究對對製作之含銀纖維進行抗菌效能的分，在奈米材料的研究中，奈米銀因其有效的菌菌作用被泛的的應用在生醫域中。本研究確認了含銀纖維的銀顆粒為奈米等級後，同時檢驗該含銀纖維的抗菌能力，並期許其作為良好的抗菌過濾面罩應用於生醫域中中。

In previous experiments, researchers embedded nano-sized silver particles in electrospinning fibers. Using silver trifluoroacetate as a precursor, the fibers underwent plasma treatment, reducing the precursor to nano-silver particles. Leveraging their excellent antibacterial properties, the plasma-treated fibers ensured that the silver particles adhered firmly to the fibers, producing antibacterial fibers.
The advantage of plasma treatment is that it allows the precursor to be directly reduced into silver nanoparticles without the use of chemical agents to reduce the precursor, thereby avoiding unexpected chemical reactions with the silver precursor.
However, due to the extremely fine diameter of electrospinning fibers, which reaches the nanometer scale, the breath-ability is poor, preventing air from passing through masks that use electrospinning fibers as filters. Therefore, electrospinning fibers containing silver do not meet the current needs for biomedical mask filters.
This study uses polypropylene fibers to create antibacterial silver-containing fabrics. Silver trifluoroacetate was again chosen as the silver precursor. After plasma treatment at a specific power, UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed that the silver particles reduced by the plasma were at the nanoscale. Using the surface plasmon resonance effect of silver, it was determined that the silver particles were attached to the surface of the polypropylene fibers rather than embedded within them. After confirming the basic characteristics of the silver-containing dressing developed in this study, the silver fibers were subjected to water washing tests to verify their wash resistance.
In nano-silver-related research, controlling and quantifying the silver concentration is considered important. Therefore, this study developed a chemical method to quantify silver concentration using dithizone, which has high sensitivity and selectivity for silver. The color change of the dithizone solution was used to calculate the silver concentration, achieving a rapid and convenient quantification method.
Finally, the antibacterial efficacy of the silver-containing fibers was analyzed. Nano-silver is widely used in the biomedical field due to its effective bactericidal action. This study confirmed that the silver particles in the silver-containing fibers were at the nanoscale and simultaneously tested the antibacterial ability of these fibers, with the expectation that they could serve as effective antibacterial filter masks in the biomedical field.

[1] C. T. Ng, G. H. Baeg, L. E. Yu, C. N. Ong, and B. H. Bay, "Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials as Therapeutics," (in eng), Curr Med Chem, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1409-1419, 2018.
[2] V. Kravets et al., "Imaging of Biological Cells Using Luminescent Silver Nanoparticles," Nanoscale Research Letters, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 30, 2016/01/19 2016.
[3] C. Liu, J. Shen, K. W. K. Yeung, and S. C. Tjong, "Development and Antibacterial Performance of Novel Polylactic Acid-Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanocomposite Mats Prepared By Electrospinning," ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 471-486, 2017/03/13 2017.
[4] S. Chernousova and M. Epple, "Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal," (in eng), Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1636-53, Feb 4 2013.
[5] A. Ardra Lekshmi, A. Sunilkumar, A. Jayakumar, S. Shalu Lal, M. Sreemayi, and S. Smitha Chandran, "Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A one-pot approach with emphasis on antibacterial, antifungal, and biosensor applications," Materials Today: Proceedings, 2024/05/21/ 2024.
[6] C. R. Mohan, R. Kandasamy, and J. Kabiriyel, "Correlation between electrical conductivity and antibacterial activity of chitosan-stabilized copper and silver nanoparticles," Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, vol. 7, p. 100503, 2024/06/01/ 2024.
[7] K. Mukherjee, N. Bhagat, M. Kumari, A. R. Choudhury, B. Sarkar, and B. D. Ghosh, "Insight study on synthesis and antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles prepared from indigenous plant source of Jharkhand," Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 30, 2023/12/01/ 2023.
[8] V. Q. Nguyen et al., "Development of antimicrobial biomaterials produced from chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites," Journal of Nanobiotechnology, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 49, 2014/12/03 2014.
[9] V. Q. Nguyen et al., "Development of antimicrobial biomaterials produced from chitin-nanofiber sheet/silver nanoparticle composites," (in eng), J Nanobiotechnology, vol. 12, p. 49, Dec 3 2014.
[10] V. Bhandari, S. Jose, P. Badanayak, A. Sankaran, and V. Anandan, "Antimicrobial Finishing of Metals, Metal Oxides, and Metal Composites on Textiles: A Systematic Review," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 86-101, 2022/01/12 2022.
[11] L. J. Villarreal-Gómez et al., "Antimicrobial Effect of Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles: Influence of Ag Incorporation Method," Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2021, p. 9920755, 2021/08/17 2021.
[12] L. J. Villarreal-Gómez et al., "Antimicrobial Effect of Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles: Influence of Ag Incorporation Method," Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2021, no. 1, p. 9920755, 2021/01/01 2021.
[13] D. Annur, Z.-K. Wang, J.-D. Liao, and C. Kuo, "Plasma-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Electrospun Chitosan Nanofiber Surfaces for Antibacterial Applications," Biomacromolecules, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 3248-3255, 2015/10/12 2015.
[14] L. Jianxin, C. Xuedi, Z. Xiaolei, J. Xicheng, Y. Hengzhe, and F. Junlin, "Review on functional electrospun nanofibers: Theory, application and fabrication," Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 307, p. 117488, 2024/09/01/ 2024.
[15] F. A. Janjhi, I. Chandio, D. Janwery, V. Vatanpour, and R. Castro-Muñoz, "A review on hydrophobic electrospun nanofibers-based materials and membranes for water treatment: Challenges, outlook, and stability," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 353, p. 128370, 2025/01/19/ 2025.
[16] M. Aljohani et al., "Electrospun AgNPs-polylactate nanofibers and their antimicrobial applications," Reactive and Functional Polymers, vol. 167, p. 104999, 2021/10/01/ 2021.
[17] N. Bandatang, S.-a. Pongsomboon, P. Jumpapaeng, P. Suwanakood, and S. Saengsuwan, "Antimicrobial electrospun nanofiber mats of NaOH-hydrolyzed chitosan (HCS)/PVP/PVA incorporated with in-situ synthesized AgNPs: Fabrication, characterization, and antibacterial activity," International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 190, pp. 585-600, 2021/11/01/ 2021.
[18] J. A. Méndez-Román, "Electrospinning technology controls spread of COVID-19," MRS Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 670-670, 2021/08/01 2021.
[19] F. Ocampo Osorio et al., "Drug loading comparison of commercial ibuprofen on magnetite nanoparticles surface by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and acid-alkali titration by a factorial design of experiments," OpenNano, vol. 14, p. 100193, 2023/11/01/ 2023.
[20] F. Fazli et al., "Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles with Feijoa sellowiana tailored by box-behnken design: An eco-friendly approach to enhance antifungal properties in Children's toothpaste," Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 92, p. 105361, 2024/02/01/ 2024.
[21] P. D. Jayanti et al., "Localized surface plasmon resonance properties of green synthesized Ag/rGO composite nanoparticles utilizing Amaranthus viridis extract for biosensor applications," Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 100747, 2024/09/01/ 2024.
[22] D. Fox et al., "Investigation of coupled cobalt–silver nanoparticle system by plan view TEM," Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 186-192, 2012/06/01/ 2012.
[23] R. Mitra and S. Bhattacharya, "Inhibition in binding between fullerene and a bisporphyrin in presence of silver nanoparticles in solution: UV–Vis, DLS, SEM and TEM studies," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 114, pp. 11-18, 2013/10/01/ 2013.
[24] R. Vinayagam et al., "Structural characterization of marine macroalgae derived silver nanoparticles and their colorimetric sensing of hydrogen peroxide," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 313, p. 128787, 2024/02/01/ 2024.
[25] M. Y. Nassar et al., "Synthesis and characterization of lemon leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles: An environmentally friendly approach with enhanced antibacterial efficacy," Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 1315, p. 138753, 2024/11/05/ 2024.
[26] A. Teamsinsungvon, C. Ruksakulpiwat, P. Amonpattaratkit, and Y. Ruksakulpiwat, "Structural Characterization of Titanium–Silica Oxide Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy," Polymers, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 2729, 2022.
[27] M. Resano, M. Aramendía, E. García-Ruiz, A. Bazo, E. Bolea-Fernandez, and F. Vanhaecke, "Living in a transient world: ICP-MS reinvented via time-resolved analysis for monitoring single events," Chemical Science, vol. 13, no. 16, pp. 4436-4473, 2022/04/20/ 2022.
[28] A. Wimmer, A. Urstoeger, T. Hinke, M. Aust, P. J. Altmann, and M. Schuster, "Separating dissolved silver from nanoparticulate silver is the key: Improved cloud-point-extraction hyphenated to single particle ICP-MS for comprehensive analysis of silver-based nanoparticles in real environmental samples down to single-digit nm particle sizes," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1150, p. 238198, 2021/03/15/ 2021.
[29] C. Douvris, T. Vaughan, D. Bussan, G. Bartzas, and R. Thomas, "How ICP-OES changed the face of trace element analysis: Review of the global application landscape," Science of The Total Environment, vol. 905, p. 167242, 2023/12/20/ 2023.
[30] L. Kronlachner, Z. Gajarska, J. Frank, E. Rosenberg, and A. Limbeck, "Depth-resolved elemental and molecular analysis of polymeric multilayers with EI-MS and ICP-OES using chemometric evaluation," Forensic Chemistry, vol. 40, p. 100586, 2024/09/01/ 2024.
[31] L. L. A. Ntoi, B. E. Buitendach, and K. G. von Eschwege, "Seven Chromisms Associated with Dithizone," The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 121, no. 48, pp. 9243-9251, 2017/12/07 2017.
[32] G. Absalan and A. Aghaei Goudi, "Optimizing the immobilized dithizone on surfactant-coated alumina as a new sorbent for determination of silver," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 209-214, 2004/09/01/ 2004.
[33] N. Wasukan, S. Srisung, M. Kuno, K. Kulthong, and R. Maniratanachote, "Interaction evaluation of silver and dithizone complexes using DFT calculations and NMR analysis," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 149, pp. 830-838, 2015/10/05/ 2015.
[34] N. D. Automation. "AST Products PJ-II Bench Top Plasma Surface Treatment System 300W, 110VAC 15A." (accessed.