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研究生: 林建良
Lin, Chien-liang
論文名稱: 鋪面品質檢驗與統計方法之評估
Evaluation of Quality Measures and Statistical Methods for Pavement
指導教授: 蕭志銘
Shiau, Jih-Min
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 174
中文關鍵詞: 界限百分率鋪面品質檢驗平均絕對離差均勻指數
外文關鍵詞: Quality measures for pavement, PWL, AAD, CI
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  • 近年來國內在鋪面施工上使用品質檢驗方法驗收鋪築成效,確保施工品質達到工程主辦單位要求。本研究利用國內施工中之開放級配與跳躍級配瀝青混凝土進行管制圖與數據分析,以及探討三種統計方法:界限百分率、平均絕對離差與均勻指數之應用成果。

    本研究以骨材通過百分比與瀝青含量試驗取得品質保證試驗值,再與承包商品質控制試驗值作為探討。結果顯示在管制圖分析中,品質保證與品質控制試驗值在360個觀測項目裡,有90個項目在統計檢定上出現顯著差異。樣本試驗值分析方面,品質控制試驗值之目標值落差與標準差分布相較於品質保證試驗值變異性較小,並且有往目標值集中趨勢。在界限百分率應用上,能將各廠各級配之骨材通過百分比與瀝青含量試驗值結合,轉換為代表各廠之界限百分率試驗值,藉此比較各廠瀝青混凝土狀況。在平均絕對離差與均勻指數應用上可得知每日產品狀況,並且可以立即調整材料變異使瀝青混凝土達到所要求的狀況。

    在統計方法比較上,平均絕對離差於試驗值比較上低於均勻指數試驗值;在統計方法架構比較上,平均絕對離差優於均勻指數,因此兩者應用上,平均絕對離差優於均勻指數。界限百分率與平均絕對離差在付款因子比較上,在觀測項目付款因子平均值沒有明顯差異,因此可藉由工程性質決定使用何種統計方法作為界定允收範圍依據。

    The methods of quality control and quality assurance (QA/QC) were used to insure good quality of pavement. In this study, Open-Graded Fraction Course (OGFC) and Gap-Graded Asphalt Concrete (GAP) were analyzed by control charts and measures analysis. The results and applications were also discussed for the three statistical methods: Percent Within Limits (PWL), Average Absolute Deviation (AAD), and Conformal Index (CI).

    The analysis results were shown that 90 of 360 observed items of QA/QC measurement in the control charts had been statistically significant difference in the hypothesis testing. In the analysis of sample measurement, QC was less than QA in the variability of target miss and the standard deviation of target miss, and there were both trended to central. In application of PWL, it was transferred that combined the percent passing of aggregate gradation and asphalt content of OGFC and GAP into PWL to compare with the condition of each factory. In application of AAD and CI, it could be obtained the status of product daily and revised variation of materials immediately to insure the conditions which highway agency was needed.

    In comparison of statistical methods, AAD was smaller than CI in measures. In comparison of statistical equations, AAD was better than CI. The results of application in statistical methods and equations were shown that AAD was better than CI. In comparison of PWL and AAD at pay factors, there were not significant differences in observed items. The statistical methods could be chosen by engineering properties in constructing the range of acceptances.

    目錄 摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 V 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 X 第一章 緒論 1-1 1.1 前言 1-1 1.2 研究動機 1-2 1.3 研究目的 1-2 1.4 研究範圍 1-3 第二章 文獻回顧 2-1 2.1 品質管理 2-1 2.1.1 品質控制 2-2 2.1.2 品質保證 2-3 2.1.3 瀝青混凝土品質管理 2-3 2.2 國內三級品管制度 2-4 2.3 國內外品質管理現況與發展 2-6 2.3.1 國內品質管理現況 2-6 2.3.2 國外品質管理現況 2-7 2.4 統計方法在品質管理上之理論與應用 2-9 2.4.1 精確度與準確度 2-9 2.4.2 界定允收範圍之統計方法 2-10 2.4.3 品質管制圖 2-10 2.4.4 品質抽樣之風險性 2-11 2.4.5 品質測量之統計方法 2-12 第三章 研究計畫 3-1 3.1 研究方法 3-1 3.2 試驗用瀝青混凝土材料相關規範 3-3 3.2.1 開放級配瀝青混凝土 3-3 3.2.2 跳躍級配瀝青混凝土 3-3 3.3 瀝青混凝土試驗方法 3-5 3.3.1 瀝青含量試驗 3-5 3.3.2 篩分析 3-6 3.4 品質檢驗之數據分析 3-7 3.4.1 品質管制圖繪製 3-7 3.4.2 樣本數據分析 3-7 3.4.3 平均值離差與目標值落差 3-8 3.4.4 試驗值之假設檢定 3-10 3.4.5 標準差合成方法 3-11 3.4.6 作業特性曲線之建立 3-12 3.5 品質檢驗之統計方法 3-15 3.5.1 界限百分率分析方法 3-15 3.5.2 平均絕對離差分析方法 3-17 3.5.3 均勻指數分析方法 3-18 3.6 付款因子 3-19 第四章 研究結果與討論 4-1 4.1 管制圖比較 4-1 4.1.1 開放級配管制圖比較 4-1 4.1.2 跳躍級配管制圖比較 4-13 4.2 樣本試驗值分析 4-21 4.2.1 開放級配樣本分析 4-21 4.2.2 跳躍級配樣本分析 4-25 4.2.3 各廠樣本試驗值檢定 4-27 4.3 界限百分率之應用 4-31 4.3.1 界限百分率標準差 4-31 4.3.2 規範界限與容許界限比較 4-35 4.3.3 界限百分率之建立 4-37 4.3.4 作業特性曲線之建立 4-39 4.3.5 各廠界限百分率檢定 4-43 4.4 平均絕對離差之應用 4-45 4.4.1 平均絕對離差之建立 4-45 4.4.2 各廠差異比較 4-48 4.5 均勻指數之應用 4-51 4.5.1 均勻指數之建立 4-51 4.5.2 各廠均勻指數之比較 4-54 4.6 統計方法比較 4-57 4.6.1 三種統計方法臨界值比較 4-57 4.6.2 平均絕對離差與均勻指數比較 4-58 4.6.3 界限百分率與平均絕對離差 4-60 第五章 結論與建議 5-1 5.1 結論 5-1 5.2 建議 5-3 參考文獻 參-1 附錄A 各廠品質管制圖 附-1 附錄B 各廠差異性檢定表 附-28 附錄C 各廠界限百分率 附-40 附錄D 各廠平均絕對離差與均勻指數 附-45 附錄E 品質指數與界限百分率轉換表 附-48 附錄F 各廠QA/QC平均值與標準差 附-50

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