臺灣位處於板塊交界帶且夏秋受到颱風侵襲，造成臺灣具有極高的輸砂量。輸砂量的多寡除了反映地表變動外，也直接影響地形變遷，甚至間接影響到環境生態循環和人類生活。影響輸砂量的因素眾多，其中又以颱風和地震最顯著，因此本研究分析臺灣各地區河流輸砂量及空間差異，並分析颱風與地震對於不同流域輸砂量的影響。研究區域選擇北部頭前溪、中部濁水溪、南部高屏溪、東南部卑南溪、東北部蘭陽溪5區河流上游地區，透過中央氣象局水文年報資料，進行無參數率定曲線計算各年度預測輸砂量。研究結果顯示中部濁水溪、南部高屏溪和東南部卑南溪具有較大的輸砂量，北部頭前溪和東北部蘭陽溪輸砂量較小。從率定曲線k、b值顯示頭前溪上游至下游，由運輸限制轉為供給限制，卑南溪和高屏溪流域屬於供給限制，濁水溪和蘭陽溪河段屬於運輸限制。颱風為臺灣主要輸砂量影響因素，但受到地形與氣候的交互作用下，颱風影響範圍侷限在部分流域。地震規規模大小決定影響範圍，且地震對於輸砂量直接影響較不明顯，但長時間來看河流輸砂極端值頻率增加且出現連續極端值的現象。

Taiwan is located at a plate junction zone and is affected by typhoons in summer and autumn, resulting in high sediment discharge. The amount of sediment discharge not only reflects denudation, but also affects the geomorphic change, the environmental ecological cycle and human life. Therefore, this study analyzes the spatial variation of sediment discharge in different regions of Taiwan, and the influence of typhoons and earthquakes on sediment discharge in different watersheds. The research areas are the upstream of the Touchien River, the Choshui River, the Kaoping River, the Peinan River, and the Lanyang River. The study used the hydrometric data reported in the hydrological year book published by WRA to calculate sediment discharge by rating curve method. The results of the study showed that the Choshui River, the Gaoping River, and Peinan River have much larger amount of sediment discharge, while the Touchien River and the Lanyang River have the relatively smaller amount of sediment discharge. The values of k and b driven form the rate curve show that the condition of transportation limit in the upstream area of Touchien River changes to supply limit in the downstream area. The conditions of sediment transportation in the Peinan River and the Gaoping River are mainly supply limit. The conditions of sediment transportation in the Choshui River and Lanyang River are transportation limit. Typhoons are the main factor to control the amount of sediment discharge in Taiwan. Due to the interaction of topography and climate, the influence range of a typhoon is limited to part of the watersheds. The magnitude of earthquake also determines the influence range of an earthquake. The direct impact of the earthquake on the sediment discharge is indistinctive, but the frequency of the extreme values of sediment discharge in rivers increases over a long period of time.

參考文獻
中文部分
中央氣象局，颱風百問，中央氣象局，臺北市，2021。
王筱雯，應用泥砂收支模式探討高屏溪海岸變遷，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程研究所碩士論文，2011。
何智武，臺灣河川上游集水區之泥砂來源與控制，中華水土保持學報，第15卷，第1-2期，第15-25頁，1984。
呂名翔，新武呂溪流域的山崩與輸砂量在地震與颱風事件中的相對應關係，國立台灣大學地質科學研究所碩士論文，2007。
李亮廷，集水區降雨特性、溪流流量及輸砂量變異分析-以陳有蘭溪流域為例，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程研究所碩士論文，2008。
袁承偉，石門水庫集水區的山崩與舒砂量在不同颱風事件中之相應關係，國立臺灣大學地質科學研究所碩士論文，2007。
張明軒，集水區輸砂量變化與沖積物預算之分析，國立臺灣大學地理環境資源研究所碩士論文，2005。
張睿明，旗山溪及蘭陽溪集水區流域之降雨量、山崩及輸砂量之關係，臺灣大學地質科學研究所學位論文，2012。
許中立、鍾斌全、戴欣怡，太麻里溪集水區降雨崩塌對河道淤砂之影響，坡地防災學報，第7卷，第1期，第1-21頁，2008。
陳翰霖、張瑞津，曾文溪流域豪大雨事件的流量及輸沙量，地理學報，第四十八期，第43-65頁，2007。
陳樹群、施姵瑜、吳俊鋐，極端水文事件土砂量對陳有蘭溪河川型態演變影響分析，中華水土保持學報，第44卷，第4期，第311-323頁，2013。
陳冠樺，林邊溪流域河川化學性質、輸砂量與山崩之關係，國立台灣大學理學院地質科學研究所碩士論文，2014。
陳文山，台灣地質概論，中華民國地質學會，臺北市，2016。
楊貴三、沈淑敏，臺灣全志卷2土地志地形篇，國史館台灣文獻館，臺北市，2010。
楊仲舒，台灣東部地區和平溪與新武呂溪流域的風化作用在時空上的分佈關係，國立臺灣大學理學院地質科學研究所，2018。
經濟部水利署，台灣水文年報，經濟部水利署，臺北市，1989-2019。
蔡光榮、陳穎慧、江介倫、陳怡睿，高屏溪河床質理化特性受極端降雨事件影響之空間分布趨勢分析，鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊，第59卷，第3期，第19-29頁，2014。
鄧澤揚，模擬台灣易山崩地區之崩塌面積及沉積物輸出，國立臺灣大學理學院地理環境資源學系碩士論文，2016。
闕笙安，台灣主要河川懸砂的時空變異與收支研究，國立中山大學海洋地質及化學研究所，2012。
 
英文部分
Asselman, Nathalie E.M., Fitting and interpretation of sediment rating curves, Journal of Hydrology, 234, 3-4, 228-245, 2000.
Artyom V. Gusarov, Land-Use/-Cover Changes and Their Effect on Soil Erosion and River Suspended Sediment Load in Different Landscape Zones of European Russia during 1970–2017, Water, 13(12), 1631-1660, 2021.
Chi-Wen Chen, Hongey Chenc, Takashi Oguchi, Distributions of landslides, vegetation, and related sediment yields during typhoon events in northwestern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 273, 1-13, 2016.
Des E. Walling and D. Fang, Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world’s rivers, Global and Planetary Change, 39, 1-2, 111-126, 2003.
Dadson, S.J., Erosion of an active mountain belt., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Ph.D. Thesis, 2004.
Dapeng Yu, Stuart N. Lane, Urban fluvial flood modelling using a two-dimensional diffusion-wave treatment, part 2: development of a sub-grid-scale treatment, Hydrological Processes, 20, 7, 1567-1583, 2006.
Gianbattista Bussi, Stephen E. Darby, Paul G.Whitehead, Li Jin, Simon J. Dadson, Hal E. Voepel, Grigorios Vasilopoulos, Christopher R. Hackney, Craig Hutton, Tristan Berchoux, Daniel R. Parsons, Andrew Nicholas, Impact of dams and climate change on suspended sediment flux to the Mekong delta, Science of The Total Environment, 755, 1, 2021.
John D. Milliman and James P. M. Syvitski, Geomorphic/Tectonic Control of Sediment Discharge to the Ocean: The Importance of Small Mountainous Rivers, The Journal of Geology, 100, 5, 525-544, 1992.
Julien, P.Y., Erosion and Sedimentation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1998.
Juan D. Restrepo, Björn Kjerfve, Michel Hermelin, Juan C. Restrepo, Factors controlling sediment yield in a major South American drainage basin: the Magdalena River, Colombia, Journal of Hydrology, 316, 1-4, 213-232, 2006.
Li Li, Jinren Ni, Fang Chang, Yao Yue, Natalia Frolova, Dmitry Magritsky, Alistair G.L. Borthwick, Philippe Ciais, Yichu Wang, Chunmiao Zheng, Desmond E. Walling, Global trends in water and sediment fluxes of the world’s large rivers, Science Bulletin, 65, 1, 62-69, 2020.
Niels Hovius, Colin P. Stark, Chu Hao‐Tsu, Lin Jiun‐Chuan, Supply and Removal of Sediment in a Landslide‐Dominated Mountain Belt: Central Range, Taiwan, The Journal of Geology, 108, 1, 73-89, 2000.
Nishani Moragoda and Sagy Cohen, Climate-induced trends in global riverine water discharge and suspended sediment dynamics in the 21st century, Global and Planetary Change, 191, 2020.
Robert B. Thomas, Estimating total suspended sediment yield with probability sampling, Water Resources Research, 21, 9, 1381-1388, 1985.
Richard J. Huggett, FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY, Routledge Fundamentals of Physical Geography, London and New York, 2007.
Simon J. Dadson, Niels Hovius, Hongey Chen, W. Brian Dade, Meng-Long Hsieh, Sean D. Willett, Jyr-Ching Hu, Ming-Jame Horng, Meng-Chiang Chen, Colin P. Stark, Dimitri Lague, Jiun-Chuan Lin, Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, NATURE, 426, 648-651, 2003.
Simon J. Dadson, Niels Hovius, Hongey Chen, W. Brian Dade, Jiun-Chuan Lin, Mei-Ling Hsu, Ching-Weei Lin, Ming-Jame Horng, Tien-Chien Chen, John Milliman, Colin P. Stark, Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, 733-736, 2004.
Shuh-Ji Kao, Shih-Chien Chan, Ching-Huei Kuo, Kon-Kee Liu, Transport-Dominated Sediment Loading in Taiwanese Rivers: A Case Study from the Ma-an Stream, The Journal of Geology, 113, 2, 217-225, 2005.
Shuh-Ji Kao, Tsung-Yu Lee, John D. Milliman, Calculating Highly Fluctuated Suspended Sediment Fluxes from Mountainous Rivers in Taiwan, TAO, 16, 3, 653-675, 2005.
Sumit Das, Dynamics of streamflow and sediment load in Peninsular Indian rivers (1965–2015), Science of The Total Environment, 799, 10, 2021.
Takashi Koi, Norifumi Hotta, Ituro Ishigaki, Norimasa Matuzaki, Yoshimi Uchiyama, Masakazu Suzuki, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, 692-702, 2008.
Xing Wei, Shuqun Cai, Peitong Ni, Weikang Zhan, Impacts of climate change and human activities on the water discharge and sediment load of the Pearl River, southern China, Scientific Reports, 10, 2020.