跑道入侵近年來已經成為全球關注之飛安議題，而全球化的急遽發展導致航空運量的急速成長，因此航管人員與飛行員間對話和溝通的流暢性就顯得更為重要，因此要如何降低在跑道入侵事件，阻隔溝通風險的發生，在跑道入侵的議題下，非常值得關注。
本研究蒐集國內外飛航肇因、飛航事故因素及跑道入侵溝通風險之文獻，並利用跑道入侵案例，將上述文獻與案例分析整理，透過簡易德菲法篩選出跑道入侵溝通風險項目，以發展出飛行員與航空管制員之從業人員問卷，採用AHP分析得出各風險構面與項目之相對重要性，並以DEMATEL分析得出風險構面之間與個別構面之項目間的關聯度與因果關係，再比較AHP與DEMATEL兩者評估風險項目的差異，同時分析應該優先改善的風險項目。
根據本研究AHP與DEMATEL的分析結果，飛行員最重視「環境因素風險」，相對重要的項目依序為「氣候」、「機艙噪音」與「無線電訊號干擾」，航空管制員認為最重要的風險構面為「人為因素風險」與「溝通障礙風險」，其風險項目重要性程度依序為，「誤解或未遵照指示」、「知識能力」、「傳達訊息內容與覆誦的不完整」而在雙方整體觀點來看則最重視「溝通障礙風險」構面。飛行員認為「氣象」、「無線電訊號干擾」、「組員資源管理」、「誤解或未遵照指示」是飛行員必須要優先防範的風險項目；航空管制員觀點認為「生理因素」、「心理因素」、「誤解或未遵照指示」、「傳達訊息內容與覆誦的不完整」，為應該最優先防範的風險項目。
最後透過專家的訪談，了解研究結果在實務上的意涵。透過兩種從業人員的比較與分析，能夠互相知道彼此認為重大的風險因素，並加以改善，避免溝通問題造成跑道入侵的事件發生。

In recent years, runway incursions is one of the most important issues in ICAO report. It’s vitally important to communicate smoothly between pilots and ATCs (air traffic controllers). And therefore, it is worth to concern about preventing communication risks to reduce runway incursions.
This study research refers to the cause of aviation accidents, communication risks of runway incursions, and case study of runway incursion to develop questionnaires which are collected by pilots and ATCs to get the information about weight of risks by AHP analysis. Furthermore, this study applies the DEMATEL to establish the correlation and relationship of cause and effect between the communication risks of runway incursions.
The result from AHP and DEMATEL, pilots regard the risks which are “Meteorology”, “Wireless interference”, “Crew resources management” and “Misunderstanding or failing to obey instructions”. On the other hand, ATCs regard the risks which are “Physical problems”, “Psychological problems”, “Misunderstanding or failing to obey instructions”, and “Readback/hearback errors”.
Finally, throught interviews with two aviation experts, it can be found the reasons of the empirical result. This study can recommend which communication risks need to be prevented firstly to avoid runway incursions.

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三、網路文獻
1.全球航空旅次(2016)The World Bank made from ICAO and IATA
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR
2.西班牙公共事務與運輸部相關報告專頁
http://www.fomento.gob.es/MFOM/LANG_CASTELLANO/ORGANOS_COLEGIADOS/CIAIAC/PUBLICACIONES/HISTORICOS/A-102-103-1977
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http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19841011-0
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