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研究生： 楊凱翔
Yang, Kai-Shiang
論文名稱： 連續式雷射拋光技術運用於SKD61工具鋼表面粗糙度改善、材料改質層微結構分析及磨潤性能之研究
Surface Roughness Improvement by Using CW-Style Laser Polishing Techniques and the Microstructural and Tribological Studies of the Worked Zone of the SKD61 Tool Steel
指導教授： 林仁輝
Lin, Jen-Fin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2015
畢業學年度： 103
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 138
中文關鍵詞： 雷射拋光 、SKD61 、表面粗糙度 、空間傅立葉 、材料承壓比 、熱影響區
外文關鍵詞： laser polishing, SKD61, surface roughness, bearing ratio
相關次數： 點閱：131  下載：6 
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    • 本文之研究以連續式雷射拋光技術運用於SKD61工具鋼表面粗糙度改善。
    本研究將討論影響雷射拋光實驗之相關參數(離焦量、雷射能量、掃描速度及雷射間距)對SKD61試件拋光後表面粗糙度之影響。以田口實驗方法、全因子方法及一次一因子法等方法，找出最佳之實驗參數組合。此外，藉由空間傅立葉分析及材料承壓比分析進一步分析拋光後表面形貌。
    由於本研究使用之SKD61工具鋼主要用於製作模具，材料的改質會影響材料之特性，因此利用奈米壓痕機、往復式磨耗試驗機比較拋光前後材料特性之改變。為了解材料微結構組織改變，以X光繞射儀、背向散射電子繞射儀判別拋光前後晶相之變化。
    根據拋光實驗之結果，試件表面粗糙度可由0.297μm降至0.132μm，改善幅度達56%；施予適當的雷射能量及掃描速度，可有效降低原材的振幅。拋光後之金屬分為三個區域，熔融區(Melt zone)、熱影響區(Heat affected zone)及基底材料(Base material)。熔融區及熱影響區皆會隨著雷射能量密度之增加而增加。拋光後之材料表面硬度及楊氏模數會有些微的下降。雷射能量的增加會造成磨耗率增加，但拋光後的表面磨耗率皆較拋光後之磨耗率下降。
    兩道次雷射拋光並無法有效降低表面粗糙度，但可以提升表面平坦度。兩道次雷射拋光會造成楊氏模數下降，但對材料表面沒有明顯的改變。

    In the present study, the surface polishing of SKD61 tool steel specimens was carried out on a fiber laser system, The laser operating conditions for all specimens were designed in three stages to define the workable realm of energy density step by step and minimize the mean areal surface roughness (Sa) as small as possible. The experiments of three stages includes Taghchi method, all factors experiments and one factor at a time method. And four adjusted parameters of laser polishing are the focal offset, laser power, scanning velocity and hatch distance. By measuring the surface roughness, the spatial Fourier analysis and material bearing ratio, the optimization of process parameters of large area polishing can be found. And the microstructure of the worked zone also be study realize the influence of laser polishing.

    目錄 摘要 I Extended Abstract III 致謝 VI 目錄 VIII 圖目錄 XIII 表目錄 XVIII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機 2 1-3 文獻回顧 2 1-4 研究架構 6 第二章 理論分析 7 2-1 雷射理論 7 2-1-1 雷射產生機制 7 2-1-2 光纖雷射 9 2-1-3 雷射輸出模式 10 2-1-4 雷射與材料間的交互作用 11 2-1-5 雷射拋光機制 12 2-1-6 雷射加工參數 13 2-2 表面分析之理論 14 2-2-1 表面組織之定義 14 2-2-2 表面粗糙度及其量測 15 2-2-3 材料承壓比分析 17 2-2-4 空間傅立葉分析 18 2-3 材料微結構組織分析之理論 19 2-3-1 奈米壓痕試驗理論 19 2-3-2 磨耗理論 22 2-3-3 金屬熱處理 23 2-4 田口實驗設計法 25 2-4-1 田口方法簡介 25 2-4-2 品質 25 2-4-3 穩健參數設計法(Robust Parameter Design) 26 2-4-4 品質損失函數(Quality Loss Function) 27 2-4-4-1望目特性 27 2-4-4-2望小特性 28 2-4-4-3望大特性 28 2-4-4-4不對稱望目特性 28 2-4-5 直交表 28 2-4-6 信號雜訊比(Signal Noise ratio) 29 2-4-6-1望目特性第一型SN比 30 2-4-6-2望目特性第二型SN比 30 2-4-6-3望目特性第三型SN比 31 2-4-6-4望小特性的SN比 31 2-4-6-5望大特性的SN比 31 2-4-7 因子貢獻度 32 第三章 實驗規劃 41 3-1 實驗方法 41 3-2 試件選擇及製備 42 3-3 實驗設備與流程 42 3-3-1 雷射拋光實驗 43 3-3-1-1摻鐿光纖雷射(Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Laser) 43 3-3-1-2拋光流程 44 3-3-2 表面粗糙度量測 44 3-3-2-1三維表面形貌量測儀 44 3-3-2-2量測流程 44 3-3-3 硬度及楊氏模數量測 45 3-3-3-1奈米壓痕試驗機(Nano Indenter) 45 3-3-3-2奈米壓痕試驗機操作流程 46 3-3-4 顯微組織觀察與分析 47 3-3-4-1金相試片製備 47 3-3-4-2 X光繞射儀分析(XRD) 49 3-3-4-3掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 49 3-3-4-4背向散射電子繞射分析 (EBSD) 50 3-4 磨耗試驗 51 3-4-1 磨耗試驗機 51 3-4-2 磨擦係數與體積磨耗率 51 第四章 結果與討論 66 4-1 雷射拋光實驗 66 4-1-1 第一階段－田口實驗設計 66 4-1-1-1 S/N比 67 4-1-1-2因子的效應 67 4-1-2 第二階段－全因子實驗 67 4-1-3 第三階段－一次一因子法 68 4-1-4 雷射光斑計算 68 4-2 表面結果之分析 69 4-2-1 表面粗糙度量測結果之分析 69 4-2-2 空間傅立葉分析 70 4-2-3 材料承壓比分析 71 4-3 微結構分析 72 4-3-1 金相組織觀察 72 4-3-1-1 XRD繞射分析 73 4-3-1-2背向散射電子繞射分析 (EBSD) 74 4-3-2 硬度與楊氏模數分析 74 4-3-3 磨耗性質分析 75 4-4 兩道次拋光實驗 76 4-4-1 表面粗糙度結果分析 77 4-4-2 空間傅立葉分析 77 4-4-3 材料承壓比分析 77 4-4-4 硬度及楊氏模數分析 78 4-5 不同原始表面之拋光比較 78 第五章 結論與未來展望 130 5-1 結論 130 5-2 未來展望 132 參考文獻 133

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