本研究探討後踢與跳後踢之間的運動學與動力學參數的差異。十名熟練後踢與跳後踢，近半年下肢無嚴重傷害之跆拳道選手自願參與實驗。實驗動作為攻擊腳與支撐腳分別站立在兩塊測力板上開始，以兩種方式對踢靶盡全力踢擊。除受試者身上以外，踢靶頂端也黏貼反光球以截取動作資訊。兩種動作各取執行成功踢擊三次，並取動作時間最短的作統計分析(α=0.05)。動作經由三台高速攝影機與測力板同步進行攝影，並利用Kwon 3D軟體進行分析運動學參數。結果發現後踢與跳後踢之動作時間、肩與腰肢段角速度最大量值、及攻擊腳髖、膝、踝關節合速度皆無顯著差異。後踢與跳後踢相同的特徵為攻擊腳離開地面後僅依靠受試者本身肌肉的力量和蹬地時的反作用力去執行踢擊動作。攻擊腳各關節合速度量值方面，其峰值方式時序為髖、踝、膝關節，此結果與動力鏈自近端到遠端的原理相違背。主要可能是因為踝關節需先達到最大速度完成屈曲以減小轉動力矩後，再進行‘推蹬’動作。肩部角速度最大量值與跳後踢動作時間有負相關，由此推論在無支撐腳的情況下若想縮短動作時間則需加速肩部旋轉，讓身體轉到適當的位置以及讓眼睛可看見目標。跳後踢時踢靶被擊中後的平均角加速度小於後踢，但比賽時前者仍常被使用，原因可能為跳躍可增加攻擊角度的變化，使對手難以防禦，以增加命中率。總之，後踢與跳後踢之間運動學及動力學的參數十分相似，其差異除了跳後踢起跳時雙腳有較大的作用力外，肩部角速度最大量值與動作時間也有負相關，然而跳後踢所產生的踢靶平均角加速度較小；之所以其仍常被使用，應為戰術層面的考量。

Kinematical and kinetic differences between Taekwondo back kicks and jumping back kicks were investigated in this study. Ten male Taekwondo athletes who are skilled for both kinds of kicks volunteered to participate in this study. No serious lower extremity injuries were reported before the experiments. Subjects were asked to perform the two kinds of movements as fast as possible for three successful trials. Three high speed cameras and two force platforms were used for data collection and the trial with the shortest execution time was selected for analysis. Both kinds of kicks had similar characteristics indicating a specific coordination pattern for moving the whole body from upper body rotation to lower body movement. Significant differences were mainly in larger forces on the supporting leg, negative correlation between maximum shoulder angular speed and movement time, and smaller average target angular acceleration after impact in jumping back kicks, implying the importance of trunk rotation and ground support in this kind of kicks. As a less powerful way of attack, jumping back kicks are still frequently used in competitions probably because of higher difficulty involved for the opponents to defend themselves.

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