| 研究生: |
張琦甄 Chang, Chi-Chen |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
雙極性憶阻元件之動態精簡模型與 NGSpice 電路化實作 Dynamic Compact Modeling and NGSpice Circuit Implementation of Bipolar Memristive Devices |
| 指導教授: |
許文東
Hsu, Wen-Dung |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
智慧半導體及永續製造學院 - 半導體封測學位學程 Program on Semiconductor Packaging and Testing |
| 論文出版年: | 2026 |
| 畢業學年度: | 114 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 166 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 雙極性阻變元件 、憶阻元件 、動態精簡模型 、NGSpice 電路化實作 、Python–NGSpice 自動化 、SPICE-in-the-loop 參數估測 、粒子群最佳化 、蝴蝶型 I–V 曲線 、數值穩定化 、Dynamic Memdiode Model |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Bipolar memristive device, Dynamic Memdiode Model, NGSpice circuit implementation, Python–NGSpice automation, Particle Swarm Optimization |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:17 下載:0 |
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阻變式記憶體(resistive random-access memory, RRAM)與憶阻元件因具備非揮發性、多態儲存、結構簡單與 CMOS 相容等特性,近年被廣泛應用於新型記憶體、類神經運算與記憶體內運算等研究方向。對雙極性阻變元件而言,其端口電流並非僅由當下外加電壓決定,而是同時受到先前偏壓歷程、內部狀態累積、SET / RESET 回復程度與外部量測條件影響,因此常在電壓往返掃描下呈現具有支路分離、回掃尾端與方向不對稱性之蝴蝶型 I–V 曲線。若欲將此類元件進一步應用於電路模擬、參數估測與操作條件分析,便需要一套能同時描述端口導通與內部狀態演化,且可於 SPICE 類模擬器中穩定執行的動態精簡模型。
本論文以 Dynamic Memdiode Model(DMM)為基礎,建立雙極性阻變元件之動態精簡模型,並完成其於 NGSpice 中之電路化實作。本研究將 DMM 中的狀態演化方程與端口導通方程分別轉換為 NGSpice 可求解之電路模組,其中內部狀態以狀態節點與等效 RC 狀態積分器表示,端口導通則由行為式電流源實現,使模型能於暫態分析中隨外加偏壓連續求解其狀態演化,並將該狀態投影為端口電流響應。為提升非線性阻變模型於 SPICE 暫態分析中的可模擬性,本研究進一步導入數值穩定化設計。
在模型自動化與參數估測方面,本研究建構 Python–NGSpice 整合平台,完成輸入波形產生、網表更新、NGSpice 批次暫態模擬、資料回讀、與粒子群最佳化參數搜尋等等,使參數估測不僅是數學函數擬合,而是建立在可執行電路模型之上。在基準模型建立後,本研究進一步分析不同輸入頻率、電壓峰值、刺激順序與重複循環條件對蝴蝶型 I–V 曲線之影響,說明所建立之 DMM 電路化模型具有狀態記憶、方向不對稱、邊界限制與歷程依賴等阻變元件關鍵特徵。此外,本研究透過單因子參數擾動與方程項家族分析,釐清不同模型參數如何由端口導通方程或狀態演化方程投影為 I–V 形貌變化進一步比較不同類型狀態方程後可知
綜合而言,本研究完成一套由 DMM 理論方程、NGSpice 子電路、數值穩定化設計、Python–NGSpice 自動化平台、PSO 參數估測與跨條件 I–V 形貌分析所構成的整合式建模流程。此成果並非僅止於單一 I–V 曲線之數值擬合,而是建立可求解、可驗證、可擬合且可進一步支援操作條件分析與參數角色判讀之工程化阻變元件模型平台,並為後續材料—參數映射、電—熱耦合、脈衝可靠度模擬與電路層級應用奠定基礎。
This thesis develops a dynamic compact model and NGSpice circuit implementation for bipolar memristive devices based on the Dynamic Memdiode Model. The study focuses on transforming a state-variable resistive switching model into a numerically stable and reusable circuit-level simulation platform. The model separates internal state evolution from terminal conduction, implements the state equation through an equivalent RC-based state integrator, and realizes the terminal current equation using a behavioral current source. Numerical stabilization methods, including safe exponential functions, smooth state bounding, polarity blending, state time-scale limits, leakage paths, and external current-limiting circuits, are introduced to improve transient convergence. A Python–NGSpice automation framework is further developed to support waveform generation, batch simulation, data alignment, segmented objective evaluation, and particle swarm optimization-based parameter fitting. Using measured I–V data, the fitting cost is reduced from 2.7512 to 0.5158, corresponding to an error reduction of approximately 81.25%. Frequency, voltage, stimulus-history, parameter-perturbation, and state-equation analyses confirm that the model captures state memory, asymmetric SET / RESET behavior, boundary limitation, and history-dependent butterfly-shaped I–V characteristics.
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