在都市發展、人口快速增加的帶動下，人們不斷建造、翻新、拆除建築物及各式基礎建設以滿足當代需求，造就營建工程成為資源開採後的主要流向以及廢棄物的主要貢獻者。然而過去的主流線性經濟模式也導致全球資源枯竭、廢棄物急劇增加，嚴重衝擊營建工程的發展，因此營建工程被許多國家列為實踐循環經濟轉型之重點領域。而台灣因天然資源稀缺、多數仰賴進口，因此過度開採、戰亂等因素造成的資源短缺勢必威脅我國營建工程；此外隨著台灣屋齡老化、都市更新案件日益增加及層出不窮的營建廢棄物非法棄置，意味著未來將有更多營建廢棄物釋出，並使非法棄置更加惡化。為了能有效地提出應對策略與規劃以實踐我國物質全循環零廢棄之願景，讓更多包含營建廢棄物和剩餘土石方的營建剩餘物資源化，保留或提高營建剩餘物之價值，徹底掌握營建工程中資源使用產出與流動分布是不可或缺的。儘管先前研究曾透過物質流分析探討台灣營建工程資源流動情形，卻僅涵蓋少數幾種營建資源，因此有必要對台灣營建工程資源使用及流動分布進行更詳細的盤點與追蹤。
為此，本研究結合由上而下及由下而上之物質流分析方法(Material Flow Analysis, MFA)分析台灣2021年營建工程中八種營建工程材料種類投入產出與流動情形。除了探討主要投入的營建工程材料種類回收料使用情形，本研究亦分析產出的營建工程材料種類再利用情形及循環利用品質，並進一步探討台灣營建工程達到物質全循環零廢棄之策略與建議。
研究結果顯示，針對本研究所考慮的材料種類，2021年台灣營建工程共計使用185百萬公噸，並以公共工程(43%)與住宅工程(37%)為使用熱點。就材料種類來看，以水泥與混凝土塊類(67%)為主要需求種類，其次為砂石類(27%)，其餘材料種類皆低於5%，其中水泥與混凝土塊類中僅有10%來自回收料，並以事業廢棄物為主要來源。營建剩餘物產出部分，2021年台灣營建工程共計產出8,048萬公噸，其中99%皆為土石方類。就後端去化來看，整體上營建剩餘物再利用率雖高，卻以降級回收為主，顯示多數的營建剩餘物再利用上未能真正保留資源價值。為此，本研究以土石方類為例，提出透過再利用機構機具設備提升、建立相關施工規範及使用手冊及活絡再利用市場之方式，促進土石方類高價值再利用。此外，本研究亦提出借鏡其他國家之作法，優化建築設計、拆除階段盡可能延壽及改變既有拆除方法，最小化營建剩餘物產出。本研究結果預期可作為未來相關單位研擬策略及政策方針上的參考依據，加速我國營建工程達到物質全循環零廢棄之目標。

The construction sector has been regarded as a key area for implementing the circular economy transition by many countries, because it serves as a major consumer of resources and important contributor to waste. To formulate effective strategies, a thorough understanding of material flows in the construction sector is indispensable. Although previous studies have used Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to explore material flows in Taiwan’s construction sector, they only focused on a limited range of material categories. Therefore, this study will use MFA to thoroughly track the material flows in Taiwan’s construction sector and analyze the circulation and recycling quality of the construction residuals. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed to achieve full circular and zero waste of resources.
The results show that the total material use in Taiwan’s construction sector is about 185 million metric tons in 2021, with public construction as the largest demand sector, followed by residential building construction. Regarding the material categories considered, cement and concrete accounted for the largest proportion. Meanwhile, this sector generated about 80 million metric tons of construction residuals, of which over 99% were soil. Although the construction residuals showed a high recycling rate, the recycling is primarily in the form of downcycling. Thus, this study proposes three strategies to enhance the recycling quality and further recommends optimizing building design, extending the life of existing buildings, and modifying current demolition methods to minimize the generation of construction residuals.

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