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研究生： 王信富
Wang, Shin-Fu
論文名稱： 設計與實作應用於車聯網場景之多接取邊緣運算系統
Design and Implementation of a Multi-access Edge Computing System for Vehicular Networks
指導教授： 楊竹星
Yang, Chu-Sing
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電腦與通信工程研究所
Institute of Computer & Communication Engineering
論文出版年： 2021
畢業學年度： 109
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 81
中文關鍵詞： 多接取邊緣運算 、車聯網 、碰撞偵測 、行車安全
外文關鍵詞： Multi-access Edge Computing, Vehicular Networks, Collision Detection, Driving Safety
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    • 隨著行動網路的演進和行動裝置的普及，將會有大流量回傳到核心網進行處理，在幾年前，還能負荷這些流量。但是流量會逐年的增加，為了避免核心網壅塞，便提出了邊緣運算的概念。藉由將雲端計算所提供的服務移至裝置附近，協助裝置進行運算，又能以較低的延遲滿足應用的要求，同時因為分散式的部署，平分了龐大的流量。另外一方面，邊緣運算所提供的低延遲，讓之前雲端運算無法滿足的應用，能夠重新討論可行性，像是車聯網的行車安全，回送雲端計算是無法滿足低延遲要求，現在邊緣運算可以提供此項服務。

    本論文基於多接取邊緣運算的概念，設計了一個車聯網場景的系統，並且著重於車輛與MEC伺服器之間的互動，其中包含了一開始的認證授權與不同基地台之間的換手機制以及控制訊息和多媒體訊息的處理。在控制訊息處理中，本論文對於碰撞偵測做了一些改良，後來並提出了一個新穎的碰撞檢測，能夠在更短的時間內，更精準的辨別是哪些車輛將會有碰撞的可能；在多媒體訊息處理中，考量了車輛與MEC伺服器以及MEC伺服器與雲端，兩者之間的多媒體訊息處理。實驗結果顯示，所改良的碰撞偵測是更短的處理時間，並且藉由推算的方式證實了在車聯網的緊急事件中MEC伺服器反應時間快於人類反應時間。

    With the evolution of mobile networks and the popularization of mobile devices, huge data traffic will be transmitted back to the core network for processing. In order to avoid the congestion of the core network, the concept of edge computing was proposed. By moving computing services to the edge of the network, reducing traffic back to the core network and assisting device computing. On the other hand, edge computing can satisfy low latency requirements of applications, such as the driving safety in the vehicular networks, where cloud computing cannot satisfy the low latency requirements.

    Based on the concept of multi-access edge computing (MEC), this thesis designs a system for vehicular networks and focuses on the data transmission between the vehicle and the MEC server, which includes the processing of control messages and multimedia messages. In the control messages, the collision detection is improved to identify more accurately which vehicles might collide in a shorter period of time. In multimedia messages, two scenarios, vehicles and MEC servers and MEC servers and cloud servers, are considered and their related multimedia messages are processed. The experimental results show that the improved collision detection is shorter in processing time, and it is confirmed by the estimation that the MEC server response time is faster than the human response time during an emergency event in the vehicular networks.

    摘要 I 致謝 VII 圖目錄 X 表目錄 XIII 1. 緒論 1 1.1. 研究背景 1 1.2. 研究動機與目的 3 1.3. 論文架構 5 2. 背景知識與相關研究 6 2.1. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) 6 2.1.1. MEC由來 6 2.1.2. MEC標準元件與參考架構 9 2.1.2.1. 組成元件介紹 9 2.1.2.2. MEC參考架構 11 2.1.3. 相近概念比較 13 2.1.4. MEC相關研究 15 2.1.4.1. 能量耗損 15 2.1.4.2. 延遲 17 2.2. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 20 2.2.1. SDN由來 20 2.2.2. OpenFlow 21 3. 系統設計與實作 24 3.1. System Architecture 24 3.2. Authentication and Handover Module 26 3.2.1. Authentication Application 26 3.2.2. Handover Application 27 3.3. Collision Detection and Notification Module 30 3.3.1. Control Message 30 3.3.2. Collisions Detection and Notification Application 33 3.3.2.1. Front-Behind Collisions Detection and Notification Application 34 3.3.2.2. Change Lanes Collisions Detection and Notification Application 40 3.4. Content Processing and Delivering Module 44 3.4.1. Content Processing Application 44 3.4.2. Content Delivering Application 48 4. 實驗設置與結果分析 51 4.1. 實驗設置 51 4.1.1 實驗環境設置 51 4.1.2 行車資料來源與情境 55 4.2. 控制訊息處理效能測試 58 4.2.1. Collisions Detection Application效能測試 58 4.2.2. Change Lanes Collisions Detection Application效能測試 62 4.2.3. Handover Application效能測試 63 4.3. MEC伺服器模擬部署分析 64 4.4. 多媒體訊息處理效能測試 67 4.4.1. Edit the clip Application效能測試 67 4.4.2. Extract photo from video Application效能測試 69 4.4.3. Pixelate the license plate Application效能測試 71 5. 結論與未來展望 72 6. 參考文獻 73

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