摘要
本研究主要以兩種不同種類肥料之施用搭配模擬兩種降雨型態，以管柱淋洗方式，針對台灣地區典型農業土壤進行營養成分滲漏之理化特性分析。
結果顯示將軍系、秀佑系、太康系、成功系及老埤系之滲漏液硝酸氮累積滲漏濃度皆在5 mg/L以下，而重金屬污染土在酸雨淋洗時之滲漏量卻可高達85.2 mg/L；在總氮累積滲漏濃度方面，各土系於添加液肥及添加糞肥後，在一般降雨情況下，滲漏液之滲漏濃度分別介於29.68~125.99 mg/L與18.85~85.11 mg/L之間，至於在酸雨降雨情況下，滲漏濃度則分別介於18.56~180.98 mg/L與6.37~108.45 mg/L之間；另外在總磷累積滲漏濃度方面，粗質地之將軍系可高達10 mg/L左右，而秀佑系及重金屬污染土亦可達1~2 mg/L，其餘土系之滲漏濃度則多半少於1 mg/L。經TN、TP累積滲漏濃度與土壤原始理化性質進行相關性分析後，得知主要影響TN滲漏量多寡之因子為土壤原始pH值，而TP滲漏量則多與砂粒及黏粒含量有關。
淋洗試驗後發現土壤中營養成分皆有流失情形發生，在TN流失率方面，不論何種降雨型態，皆以施用液肥時較為嚴重，此應與液態肥料之水溶性及有效性較佳，故土壤對其滯留性相對較差有關；至於TP的流失情形，由各土系淋洗前後TP剩餘量之差異可知，在酸雨進流時，各實驗組別的TP流失情形較一般降雨進流時嚴重。
淋洗試驗前後土壤基本性質之差異如下：淋洗後之有機質含量大多有減少的情況，尤其是在保水力較差之供試土壤；淋洗前後pH值並不會產生過大的變動；淋洗後電導度有明顯下降趨勢；除重金屬污染土以外，其餘土系在淋洗後之CEC皆降低。

Abstract
This research main focused on the variances of physical and chemical characteristics after nutrient leaching from several agricultural soils in Taiwan. The experiment was proceeded to investigate the effects of applying two kinds of fertilizer and rainfall type by using simulative soil column.
The results indicated that the accumulative concentration of nitrate-nitrogen of leachates from Chang-chun series, Hsiu-yu series, Tai-kang series, Cheng-kung series and Lao-pi series were all below 5mg/L, but the value was reached to 85.2 mg/L in the soil was polluted by heavy metals. However, the accumulative concentration of total nitrogen of leachates from different soils were 29.68 to 125.99 mg/L and 18.85 to 85.11 mg/L by applying liquid fertilizer and manure under general rainfall, respectively. Nevertheless, when we used the acid rain as the entered flow, the values were 18.56 to 180.98 mg/L and 6.37 to 108.45 mg/L with two kinds of fertilizer. On the accumulative concentration of total phosphorus of leachates, we found it was reached to 10 mg/L in Chang-chun series. The soils with coarse soil texture (e.g. Hsiu-yu series and heavy metal-polluted soil) were only 1 to 2 mg/L, and others were even lower. After the correlative analysis with different physi-chemical properties in the test soils and leached concentration, we could understand the main factors of affecting the accumulative concentration of total nitrogen was soil pH and total phosphorus concentration was influenced by sand and clay content of soils.
We found a portion of nutrients were lost from soil after leaching. In the leached rate of total nitrogen, the liquid fertilizer-applied would cause extreme loss after leaching under two kinds of rainfall. It might due to the higher water-solublility and effectiveness. In the other hand, the leached rates of total phosphorus showed more serious loss under acid rain than general rainfall.
After the leaching experiments, the soil physi-chemical characteristics had changed as following statements: The organic matter content was decreased, especially in the soils with lower water retention capacity. Soil pH was not appeared significant variances and the EC was showed the drop tendency. The cation exchange capacity of soils was almost decreased, except for heavy metal-polluted soil.

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