真核生物的細胞骨架主要由微管(microtubules)、肌動蛋白絲(filaments actin, F-actin)及中間絲(Intermediate filaments)組成並形成複雜且動態的網狀結構，它們參與了細胞支撐、細胞內物質傳遞及細胞移動等功能。肌動蛋白絲具有高動態的組裝與拆解現象，先前研究顯示，在移動中的細胞前端(leading edge)可發現大量F-actin聚集成長度不一的束狀壓力絲(stress fiber)，且在細胞附著位置(focal adhesion)也可觀察到F-actin大量表現，因此，F-actin所組成的微絲在細胞內扮演著非常重要的角色。肌動蛋白相關蛋白palladin於西元2000年被發現，現屬於palladin/myotilin/myopalladin family的一員。Palladin被發現能與多種肌動蛋白相關蛋白結合形成複雜結構，協助細胞移動及附著。截至目前為止，palladin已被發現有多種異構物(isoforms)，其產物以分子量200kDa、140kDa及90~92kDa為主，各種異構物在不同發育時期的組織內表現量互有差異。目前有文獻指出胰臟癌及乳癌的腫瘤細胞中，palladin表現量提升，同時也觀察到癌細胞具有較活躍的入侵及轉移現象。雖然目前針對palladin與癌症產生的因果關係研究尚不明瞭，由觀察顯示palladin與癌細胞間的交互作用機制極需進一步研究闡明。本研究主要目的為找出控制palladin三種異構物表現的啟動子區域；首先，利用網際網路資料庫搜尋與比較小鼠和其他物種之palladin基因上高度保留區域，分析可能的啟動子位置，再利用pGL4載體、報導基因分析系統進一步確定核心區域，藉以發現並解釋palladin各異構物可能的轉錄因子結合位與生理意義，希望能提供palladin不同異構物在生理、發育及疾病…等研究的相關資訊與幫助。

Cytoskeleton is a cellular scaffolding structure within cytoplasm, in eukaryotic cells, there are three kinds of cytoskeletal filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin filaments. These structures together to form a complex network, providing cell support, intercellular transport and cell motility. Actin filaments (F-actin) is found to have highly dynamic in assembling and disassembling. Previous studies show that variant length of F-actin form into stress fibers, express in leading edge and focal adhesion. Actin associated protein, palladin, found in 2000, which belongs to palladin/myotilin/myopalladin family. Palladin is reported to interact with several actin associated proteins and further impair cell movement and adhesion. It has been described at least three isoforms, the 200kDa isoform, 140kDa isoform and 90~92kDa isoform, each of them has different expression pattern within different tissues. In some cancer studies, palladin expression level is up-regulated in cancer cells which have higher invention and metastasis activity. The main aim in this study is to characterize the promoter region which control the expression of three palladin isoforms, first, using online database searching and program prediction, then used reporter gene analysis system to investigate the promoter core region and find out the putative transcription factor binding sites. We hope the research results in this study will provide more information in physiological, development and disease studies in future.

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