以往文獻對於離子熱電材料的研究主要著重於電極的氧化還原反應以及巨觀下電解液中的離子傳輸。近年來由於奈米材料的發展，使得奈米尺度下的熱電離子傳輸逐漸受到重視，然而現有的文獻僅探討奈米尺度下之表面電荷對離子之影響，並無探討空間電荷效應。故本研究利用氧化石墨烯(GO)的堆疊以建構奈米通道，並引入了能夠提供空間電荷的蠶絲蛋白(Silk)以提升離子選擇性。並將薄膜封裝至裝置內浸泡電解液，再施加非等溫的溫度場以探討奈米通道內之離子傳輸現象。結果顯示蠶絲蛋白的增加能夠提升離子的選擇性，在濃度為0.1 mM氯化鉀電解液之中，GO/Silk 20 wt%薄膜有最高的賽貝克係數(-0.294 mV/K) 與純GO薄膜(-0.258 mV/K)相比提升了14 %，顯示出空間電荷具有增強離子熱電結果。此外，1 mM氯化鉀電解液下GO/Silk 20 wt%薄膜則比純GO薄膜提升了約36 %之電流。除了探討空間電荷對於離子熱電的影響，本研究也探討了溫度差以及不同離子在奈米通道下之離子傳輸，其中溫度差的增加使電極衰退，進而使薄膜的賽貝克係數增加。此外價電子數的增多影響了離子水合半徑大小，也影響了離子之移動性(mobility)，實驗結果顯示價電子數與賽貝克係數成反比關係。

Liquid ionic thermoelectric materials have been promising materials due to the higher Seebeck coefficient compared to solid-state semiconductor thermoelectric materials at low-temperature waste heat sources. Additionally, an electrical double layer (EDL) formed by surface charge enhances the performance of ionic thermoelectricity at the nanoscale. However, not only surface charge but space charge dose affect ion transport at the nanoscale, and recent studies only investigated the surface charge effect in nanoconfined ionic thermoelectricity. In this study, a composite nanochannel membrane is fabricated by graphene oxide (GO) and silk fibroin, which provides space charge. In order to compare the influence of space charge in ionic thermoelectricity, reservoirs are applied temperature gradient. Experimental results indicate that 20 wt% GO/silk fibroin composite membrane has optimal Seebeck coefficient (-0.294 mV/K) in 0.1 mM potassium chloride electrolyte, which is 14% higher than pristine graphene oxide membrane (-0.258 mV/K). In 1 mM potassium chloride electrolyte, 20 wt% GO/silk membrane shows 36 % increase in current compared with pristine graphene oxide membrane. This study also investigates ion transport in nanochannel with different ions, where the number of valence electrons affects the ionic hydration radius and ion mobility. The experimental results demonstrate an inverse relationship between the valence number and the Seebeck coefficient.

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