雙向通訊的智慧電網是一個促成科技來實現及時動態電力定價機制的採用，並可因應需求大幅增加的消費者以及提供穩固的電力供應。為了能在不同的電力定價機制下評估成本和效益，本研究模擬大規模的智慧電網建置模型並採用三種不同的定價機制Critical Peak Pricing (CPP), Real Time Pricing (RTP) 及 Time of Use (TOU)。
為了讓需量反應更真實的呈現在研究中，本研究同時採用價格彈性來模擬電力需求的呈現，並使電力負載能於尖峰時刻轉移到離峰時刻，藉由模擬電力需求曲線及動態的電力價格來分析建置智慧電網的可能性。
模擬結果顯示，雙向溝通智慧電網在TOU的定價模式能於尖峰時刻轉移到離峰時刻；而在RTP機制下，尖峰時刻的用量並不會轉移到離峰時刻，取而代之的是消費者會選擇不使用電力於高價格的時刻；最後，在CPP下，消費者於夏季將會轉移電力需求至離峰時段，但於非夏季則會因價格較低而於離峰時段增加用電量。此外，研究結果並顯示在TOU的定價機制下，建置智慧電網的效益將最佳並能永續經營。

Two-way communication smart grid is an enabling technology to implement different power pricing mechanism over volatile consumer demand and rigid electricity supply. To evaluate the cost and benefits of different power pricing mechanism, the study simulates a large scale smart grid model to analyze the benefits and cost for Critical Peak Pricing (CPP), Real Time Pricing (RTP) and Time of Use (TOU) pricing mechanisms.
These dynamic pricing mechanisms of the simulated model are embedded with the relationship between demand response and electrical load to transfer energy consumption from peak electrical load to off-peak electrical load. Price elasticity of demand response is adopted to compute the change of electricity consumption under dynamic price. In addition, sensitivity analysis will be applied to each dynamic pricing mechanism to measure the impact came from elasticity.
The simulated outcome indicates that two-way communication over smart grid can shift peak electrical load to an off-peak electrical load effectively by dynamic pricing mechanism. In addition, its benefits from dynamic prices can fully cover its implementation cost for sustainable operation.

[English References]
Aalami, H., Yousefi, G. R., & Moghadam, M. P. (2008, 21-24 April 2008). Demand Response model considering EDRP and TOU programs. Paper presented at the Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2008. T&D. IEEE/PES.
Aalami, H. A., Moghaddam, M. P., & Yousefi, G. R. (2010). Demand response modeling considering Interruptible/Curtailable loads and capacity market programs. [Article]. Applied Energy, 87(1), 243-250.
Azodolmolky, S., & Tomkos, I. (2008). A techno-economic study for active Ethernet FTTH deployments. [Article]. Journal of Telecommunications Management, 1(3), 294-310.
Budka, K. C., Deshpande, J. G., Doumi, T. L., Madden, M., & Mew, T. (2010). Communication Network Architecture and Design Principles for Smart Grids. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 15(2), 205-227.
Coll-Mayor, D., Paget, M., & Lightner, E. (2007). Future intelligent power grids: Analysis of the vision in the European Union and the United States. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.09.001]. Energy Policy, 35(4), 2453-2465.
Deconinck, G. (2008, 12-15 May 2008). An evaluation of two-way communication means for advanced metering in Flanders (Belgium). Paper presented at the Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, 2008. IMTC 2008. IEEE.
Dondi, P., Bayoumi, D., Haederli, C., Julian, D., & Suter, M. (2002). Network integration of distributed power generation. [Proceedings Paper]. Journal of Power Sources, 106(1-2), 1-9.
Filippini, M. (1995). SWISS RESIDENTIAL DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY BY TIME-OF-USE. [Article]. Resource and Energy Economics, 17(3), 281-290.
Funabashi, T. (2010). Development of Advances Metering Infrastructures in Japan. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Smart Grids, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ghajar, R. F., & Khalife, J. (2003). Cost/benefit analysis of an AMR system to reduce electricity theft and maximize revenues for Electricite' du Liban. [Proceedings Paper]. Applied Energy, 76(1-3), 25-37.
Jankovic, M., Petrovic, Z., & Dukic, M. (2000). A techno-economic study of broadband access network implementation models. Paper presented at the Electrotechnical Conference, 2000. MELECON 2000. 10th Mediterranean.
Karnouskos, S., Terzidis, O., & Karnouskos, P. (2007). An Advanced Metering Infrastructure for Future Energy Networks (pp. 597-606).
Lightner, E. (2008). Evolution and Progress of Smart Grid Development at the Department of Energy.
Lijesen, M. G. (2007). The real-time price elasticity of electricity. [Article]. Energy Economics, 29(2), 249-258.
Lin, F.-J. (2010). Strategic Initiatives of Smart Grid in Taiwan. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Smart Grids, Taipei, Taiwan.
Lin, Y. J., Latchman, H. A., Lee, M., & Katar, S. (2002). A power line communication network infrastructure for the smart home. Ieee Wireless Communications, 9(6), 104-111.
Molderink, A., Bosman, M. G. C., Bakker, V., Hurink, J. L., & Smit, G. J. M. (2009, 13-16 Dec. 2009). Simulating the effect on the energy efficiency of smart grid technologies. Paper presented at the Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Proceedings of the 2009.
Olsen, B. T., Zaganiaris, A., Stordahl, K., Ims, L. A., Myhre, D., Overli, T., et al. (1996). Techno-economic evaluation of narrowband and broadband access network alternatives and evolution scenario assessment. [Article]. Ieee Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 14(6), 1184-1203.
Papaioannou, A., & Pavlidou, F. N. (2009). Evaluation of Power Line Communication Equipment in Home Networks. Ieee Systems Journal, 3(3), 288-294.
PRIME. (2008). Technology Whitepaper- PHY, MAC and Convergency layers (21/07/2008 ed.): PRIME Project.
Schwarz, P. M., Taylor, T. N., Birmingham, M., & Dardan, S. L. (2002). Industrial response to electricity real-time prices: Short run and long run. [Article]. Economic Inquiry, 40(4), 597-610.
Sheen, J. N., Chen, C. S., & Yang, J. K. (1994). TIME-OF-USE PRICING FOR LOAD MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN TAIWAN POWER COMPANY. [Proceedings Paper]. Ieee Transactions on Power Systems, 9(1), 388-395.
Sood, V. K., Fischer, D., Eklund, J. M., & Brown, T. (2009, 22-23 Oct. 2009). Developing a communication infrastructure for the Smart Grid. Paper presented at the Electrical Power & Energy Conference (EPEC), 2009 IEEE.
Sun, Q. Y., Li, Z. X., Yang, J., & Luo, Y. H. (2010). Load distribution model and voltage static profile of Smart Grid. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 17(4), 824-829.
Sung-Yong, S., & Beom-Jin, C. (2009). A Korean Smart Grid architecture design for a field test based on power IT. Paper presented at the Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition: Asia and Pacific, 2009.
Thimmapuram, P.R. Jinho Kim Botterud, A. Youngwoo Nam (2010). Modeling and simulation of price elasticity of demand using an agent-based model. Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2010
Tongia, R. (2004). Can broadband over powerline carrier (PLC) compete? A techno-economic analysis. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2004.05.004]. Telecommunications Policy, 28(7-8), 559-578.
Van Gerwen, R., Jaarsma, S., & Wilhite, K. (2006). Smart Metering. Leonardo-energy. org, 9.
Wang, J., Biviji, M. A., & Wang, W. M. (2011, 25-26 Feb. 2011). Lessons learned from smart grid enabled pricing programs. Paper presented at the Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), 2011 IEEE.
U.S. Department of Energy (2005, Feb). "Energy policy Act of 2005", section 1252.
U.S. Department of Energy (2009). "Energy policy Act of 2009"
Yu, C., & Nana, Z. (2010, 7-10 Dec. 2010). Evaluation of TOU price based on responses of customer. Paper presented at the Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 2010 IEEE International Conference on.
[中文文獻]
許和鈞、李宗政、楊馥如、林惠雪（民93）。公共建設計畫財務評估中折現率如何訂定之研究。行政院經濟建設委員會委託之專題研究成果報告（編號：(93)033.403）。臺北市：行政院經濟建設委員會。
謝智宸(Shieh)（2010年11月）。智慧電網下我國電力負載管理制度之展望。「啟動節能減碳新紀元─挑戰與機會」發表之論文，中華經濟研究院國際會議廳。
[網站資料]
Costcental， http://www.costcentral.com/
台灣電力公司， http://www.taipower.com.tw/
中華電信，http://www.cht.com.tw/
財團法人台灣網路資訊中心(TWNIC) : http://www.twnic.net.tw/
Gordoncheng（2010），電力系統負載曲線(Load Curve)取自：http://gordoncheng.wordpress.com/2010/09/06/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%B2%A0%E8%BC%89%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9Aload-curve