本研究以多壁奈米碳管(MWNTs)之儲氫行為作為主軸，進行一系列的探討。實驗係以結合超臨界技術之鎳和鈀金屬修飾、強酸酸洗等方式改變多壁奈米碳管表面之物化特徵，亦嘗試以酸洗之碳管作為鈀金屬載體，研討各種可以改善儲氫性能的處理程序。超臨界流體(supercritical fluids)之特色是兼具低黏度與高擴散性，於此介質中進行無電鍍製程，可使得沉積之金屬顆粒分散性大幅提昇。材料分析方面，以高解析穿透式電子顯微鏡(HRTEM)、X光繞射分析儀(XRD)、能量散佈偵測儀(EDS)，拉曼光譜儀(Raman spectra)及X光光電子能譜儀(XPS)分別鑑定奈米碳管結構特徵。量測奈米碳管儲氫量之系統為高壓熱重微天平(HPTGA)，吸氫環境為室溫高壓，評估奈米碳管經化學改質後之吸氫效能。

研究結果顯示，超臨界二氧化碳中之無電鍍製程可在碳管表面均勻地賦予鎳奈米顆粒，儲氫結果指出，該複合材料在室溫及6.89 MPa條件下，儲氫量可提昇至0.96 wt%，對照未經任何處理之碳管原材(0.34 wt%)有顯著的改善。另一方面，碳管經傳統無電鍍之對照組試樣，則可觀察到析鍍出之鎳金屬多形成連續薄層，並覆蓋了表面吸附位置，重量儲氫量因而僅剩0.20 wt%。利用Pd(hfa)2作為鈀前驅物，於超臨界二氧化碳流體中同樣進行化學還原，可有效地製備均勻披覆鈀金屬顆粒之多壁奈米碳管。透過簡單地控制前驅物和碳管之重量比，則可改變金屬顆粒之覆蓋率。室溫氫吸附等溫線顯示，鈀/碳管複合材之儲氫量大幅提昇至1.31 wt%，約為碳管原材儲氫量的四倍。造成儲氫量提昇可歸因於鈀金屬所引發的氫移轉(spillover)效應。

以超臨界流體沉積法為基礎能製備不同金屬/碳管複合材，酸洗處理可提高表面能以促進吸附，亦有助儲存更多氫氣。根據TEM和拉曼光譜分析，於硫酸和過氧化氫混酸中進行酸蝕可使碳管封閉端的開口並於管壁製造適量缺陷，因而改善氣體流通性與增加表面吸附位置。以酸洗後碳管作為披覆鈀金屬之骨架，為本實驗的最佳化學修飾組合，其室溫儲氫量可高達1.51 wt%。

In this study, nano-sized nickel and palladium particles were dispersed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via simple and effective deposition procedures in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) bath. The microstructure, chemical composition and crystallinity of these metal-decorated CNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. The hydrogen storage capacity of these decorated CNTs was evaluated with a high-pressure microbalance at room temperature and under maximum hydrogen pressure of 6.89 MPa.

We have demonstrated a hybrid method that combines the virtues of conventional electroless plating and scCO2 techniques for the fabrication of Ni/CNT composites. The diffusive dense property of CO2 played an important role in suppression of the growth of nickel, and resulted in better dispersion than the counterpart synthesized by conventional electroless process. The measured hydrogen adsorption amount of the Ni/CNT composites was 0.96 wt%, which was much higher than 0.34 wt% found for the plain CNTs, while the storage capacity of the conventional counterpart was down to 0.20 wt% by the same measurement. Therefore, the presence of suitable amount and morphology of nickel in carbon nanostructure could improve the hydrogen storage property.

Palladium nanoparticles were deposition onto CNTs through the reduction of metal-β-diketone precursors in scCO2. The loading content of the metal could be adjusted by manipulating the relative weight ratio of precursor to CNTs. These highly dispersed catalytic nanoparticles, with a narrow range of size distribution and good adhesion on CNT surface, are expected to act as the dissociation center of hydrogen molecules, and hence the H2 storage capacity of Pd/CNT composites were enhanced by a factor of four compared with the pristine CNTs.

Facilitation of atomic hydrogen storage by CNTs was further studied using scCO2 decoration and chemical oxidation for dissociation of H2 into atomic hydrogen and formation of defects on CNT surfaces, respectively. The defect sites on CNTs as adsorption sites of atomic hydrogen are introduced by sonication in a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide at 60 °C. Pd catalysts were then deposited onto etched CNTs for dissociation of H2 into atomic hydrogen, which spills over to the defect sites. The experimental results revealed that hydrogen storage in CNTs was evidently affected by the metal loading and by the physical surface structure. In the best case, 1.51 wt% of hydrogen was stored in Pd/etched CNT composites.

1 C. Hall, P. Tharakan, J. Hallock, C. Cleveland, M. Jefferson, "Hydrocarbons and the evolution of human culture" Nature 426, 318, (2003).
2 R. Bashyam, P. Zelenay, "A class of non-precious metal composites catalysts for fuel cells" Nature 443, 63, (2006).
3 D. Cahen, I. Lubomirsky, "Energy, the global challenge, and materials" Materials Today 11, 16, (2008).
4 Sealy, C., "The problem with platinum" Materials Today 11, 65, (2009).
5 J.A. Ritter, A.D. Ebner, J. Wang, R. Zidan, "Implementing a hydrogen economy" Materials Today, 18, (2003).
6 S. Satyapal, J. Petrovic, C. Read, G. Thomas, G. Ordaz, "The U.S. department of energy's national hydrogen storage project: progress towards meeting hydrogen-powered vehicle requirements" Catal. Today 120, 246, (2007).
7 L. Schlapbach, A. Zuttel, "Hydrogen-storage materials for mobile applications" Nature 414, 353, (2001).
8 Zuttel, A., "Materials for hydrogen storage" Materials Today 6, 24, (2003).
9 S.K. Bhatia, A.L. Myers, "Optimum conditions for adsorptive storage" Langmuir 22, 1688, (2006).
10 C. Liu, Y.Y. Fan, M. Liu, H.T. Cong, H.M. Cheng, M.S. Dresselhaus, "Hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature" Science 286, 1127, (1999).
11 A.C. Dillon, K.M. Jones, T.A. Bekkedahl, C.H. Kiang, D.S. Bethune, M.J. Heben, "Storage of hydrogen in single-walled carbon nanotubes" Nature 386, 377, (1997).
12 A. Chambers, C. Park, R.T.K. Barker, N.M. Rodriguez, "Hydrogen storage in graphite nanofibers" J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 4254, (1998).
13 Y. Ye, C.C. Ahn, C. Witham, B. Fultz, J. Liu, A.G. Rinzler, D. Colbert, K.A. Smith, R.E. Smalley, "Hydrogen adsorption and cohesive energy of single-walled carbon nanotubes" Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2307, (1999).
14 K.S. Han, H.S. Kim, M.S. Song, M.S. Park, S.S. Han, J.Y. Lee, J.K. Kang, "Atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment to modify hydrogen storage properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes" Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 263105, (2005).
15 M. Hirscher, M. Becher, M. Haluska, U. Dettlaff-Weglikowska, A. Quintel, G.S. Duesberg, Y.M. Choi, P. Downes, M. Hulman, S. Roth, I. Stepankek, P. Bernier, "Hydrogen storage in sonicated carbon materials" Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process 72, 129, (2001).
16 S.C. Mu, H.L. Tang, S.H. Qian, M. Pan, R. Z. Yuang, "Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes modified by microwave plasma etching and Pd decoration" Carbon 44, 762, (2006).
17 X.D. Yao, C.Z. Wu, A.J. Du, J. Zou, Z.H. Zhu, P. Wang, H.M. Cheng, S. Smith, G.Q. Lu, "Metallic and carbon nanotube-catalyzed coupling of hydrogenation in magnesium" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 15650, (2007).
18 Z. Zhou, X.P. Gao, J. Yan, D.Y. Song, "Doping effects of B and N on hydrogen adsorption in single-walled carbon nanotubes through density functional calculations" Carbon 44, 939, (2006).
19 C.H. Chen, C.C. Huang, "Enhancement of hydrogen spillover onto carbon nanotubes with defect feature" Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 109, 549, (2008).
20 A.D. Lueking, R.T. Yang, "Hydrogen spillover to enhance hydrogen storage - study of the effect of carbon physicochemical properties" Appl. Catal. A 265, 259, (2004).
21 A. Anson, E. Lafuente, E. Urriolabeita, R. Navarro, A.M. Benito, W.K. Maser, M.T. Martinez, "Hydrogen capacity of palladium-loaded carbon materials" J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 6643, (2006).
22 T.W. Ebbesen, P.M. Ajayan, "Large-scale synthesis of carbon nanotubes" Nature 358, 220, (1992).
23 D. Tasis, N. Tagmatarchis, A. Bianco, M. Prato, "Chemistry of carbon nanotubes" Chem. Rev. 106(3), 1105, (2006).
24 L.J. Carlson, T.D. Krauss, "Photophysics of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes" Acc. Chem. Res. 41(2), 235, (2008).
25 J. Hone, B. Batlogg, Z. Benes, A.T. Johnson, J.E. Fischer, "Quantized phonon spectrum of single-wall carbon nanotubes" Science 289, 1730, (2000).
26 J. Hu, T.W. Odom, C.M. Liber, "Chemistry and physics in one dimensions: synthesis and properties of nanowires and nanotubes" Acc. Chem. Res. 32, 435, (1999).
27 Haddon, R.C., "Carbon nanotubes" Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 997, (2002).
28 H.W. Zhu, C.L. Xu, D.H. Wu, B.Q. Wei, R. Vajtai, P.M. Ajayan, "Direct synthesis of long single-walled carbon nanotube strands" Science 296, 884, (2002).
29 M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, R. Saito, "Physics of Carbon Nanotubes" Carbon 33, 883, (1995).
30 S. Ijima, T. Ichihashi, "Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter" Nature 363, 603, (1993).
31 R. Saito, M. Fujita G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, "Electronic-structure of chiral graphene tubules" Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2204, (1992).
32 A. Krishnan, E. Dujardin, T.W. Ebbesen, P.N. Yianilos, M.M.J. Treacy, "Young's modulus of single-walled nanotubes" Phys. Rev. B 58, 14013, (1998).
33 N. Hamada, S. Sawada, A. Oshiyama, "New one-dimensional conductors: graphitic microtubules" Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 54, (1992).
34 Krauss, L.J. Carlson and T.D., "Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes" Acc. Chem. Res. 41, 235, (2008).
35 K. Balasubramanian, M. Burghard, "Chemically Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes" Small 1, 180, (2005).
36 Yakobson, B.I., "Mechanical relaxation and "intermolecular plasticity" in carbon nanotubes" Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 918, (1998).
37 Z. Yao, H.W.C. Postma, L. Balents, C. Dekker, "Carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions" Nature 402, 273, (1999).
38 M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P.C. Eklund, Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes. (Academic, San Diego, 1996).
39 S. Banerjee, S.S. Wong, "Structural characterization, optical properties, and improved solubility of carbon nanotubes functionalized with Wilkinson's catalyst" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 8940, (2002).
40 T. H. Benny, S. Banerjee, S.S. Wong, "Interactions of lanthanide complexes with oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes" Chem. Mater. 16, 1855, (2004).
41 P. Avouris, M. Freitag, V. Perebeinos, "Carbon-nanotube photonics and optoelectronics" Nature Photonics 2, 341, (2008).
42 M. Prato, K. Kostarelos, A. Bianco, "Functionalized carbon nanotubes in drug design and discovery" Acc. Chem. Res. 41(1), 60, (2008).
43 H. Qian, A. Bismarck, E.S. Greenhalgh, G. Kalinka, M.S.P. Shaffer, "Hierarchical composites reinforced with carbon nanotube grafted fibers: the potential assessed at the single fiber level" Chem. Mater. 20, 1862, (2008).
44 N. Karousis, G.E. Tsotsou, F. Evangelista, P. Rudolf, N. Ragoussis, N. Tagmatarchis, "Carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity" J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 13463, (2008).
45 K.W. Nam, K.H. Kim. E.S. Lee, W.S. Yoon, X.Q. Yang, K.B. Kim, "Pseudocapacitive properties of electrochemically prepared nickel oxides on 3-dimensional carbon nanotube film substrates" J. Power Sources 182, 642, (2008).
46 I.H. Kim, J.H. Kim, Y.H. Lee, K.B. Kim, "Synthesis and characterization of electrochemically prepared ruthenium oxide on carbon nanotube film substrate for supercapacitor applications" J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, A2170, (2005).
47 T. Umeyama, H. Imahori, "Carbon nanotube-modified electrodes for solar energy conversion" Energy Environ. Sci. 1, 120, (2008).
48 S. Chaudhary, H. Lu, A.M. Muller, C.J. Bardeen, M. Ozkan, "Hierarchical placement and associated optoelectronic impact of carbon nanotubes in polymer-fullerene solar cells" Nano Lett. 7, 1973, (2007).
49 T. Matsumoto, T. Komatsu, K. Arai, T. Yamazaki, M. Kijima, H. Shimizu, Y. Takasawa, J. Nakamura, "Reduction of Pt usage in fuel cell electrocatalysts with carbon nanotube electrodes" Chem. Commun., 840, (2004).
50 W. Li, C. Liang, W. Zhou, J. Qiu, H. Li, G. Sun, Q. Xin, "Homogeneous and controllable Pt particles deposited on multi-wall carbon nanotubes as cathode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells" Carbon 42, 436, (2004).
51 P. Chen, X. Wu, J. Lin, K.L. Tan, "High H2 uptake by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes under ambient pressure and moderate temperatures" Science 285, 91, (1999).
52 Y.Y. Fan, B. Liao, M. Liu, Y.L. Wei, M.Q. Lu, H.M. Cheng, "Hydrogen uptake in vapor-grown carbon nanofibers" Carbon 37, 1649, (1999).
53 S.M. Lee, K.S. Park, Y.C. Choi, Y.S. Park, J.M. Bok, D.J. Bae, K.S. Nahm, Y.G. Choi, S.C. Yu, N.G. Kim, T. Frauenheim, Y.H. Lee, "Hydrogen adsorption and storage in carbon nanotubes" Synth. Met. 113, 209, (2000).
54 H.W. Zhu, A. Chen, Z.Q. Mao, C.L. Xu, X. Xiao, B.Q. Wei, J. Liang, D.H. Wu, "The effect of surface treatments on hydrogen storage of carbon nanotubes" J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 19, 1237, (2000).
55 M. Hirscher, M. Becher, "Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes" J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 3, 3, (2003).
56 M. Hirscher, M. Becher, M. Haluska, F.V. Zeppelin, X. Chen, U. Dettlaff-Weglikowska, S. Roth, "Are carbon nanostructures an efficient hydrogen storage medium ?" J. Alloys Compd. 356, 433, (2003).
57 Yang, R.T., "Hydrogen storage by alkali-doped carbon nanotubes - revisited" Carbon 38, 623, (2000).
58 X. Li, H. Zhu, L. Ci, C. Xu, Z. Mao, B. Wei, J. Liang, D. Wu, "Hydrogen uptake by graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes under moderate pressure and at room temperature" Carbon 39, 2077, (2001).
59 C.C. Ahn, Y. Ye, B.V. Ratnakumar, C. Witham, R.C. Bowman, Jr., B. Fultz, "Hydrogen desorption and adsorption measurements on graphite nanofibers" Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3378, (1998).
60 R. Strobel, L. Jorissen, T. Schliermann, V. Trapp, W. Schutz, K. Bohmhammel, G. Wolf, J. Garche, "Hydrogen adsorption on carbon materials" J. Power Sources 84, 221, (1999).
61 Y. S. Nechaev, O.K. Alekseeva, "Methodological, applied and thermodynamic aspects of hydrogen sorption by graphite and related carbon nanostructures" USPEKHI KHIMII 73, 1308, (2004).
62 X.B. Wu, P. Chen, J. Lin, K.L. Tan, "Hydrogen uptake by carbon nanotubes" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 25, 261, (2000).
63 A. Zuttel, P. Sudan, P. Mauron, T. Kiyobayashi, C. Emmenegger, L. Schlapbach, "Hydrogen storage in carbon nanostructures" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 27, 203, (2002).
64 G.P. Dai, C. Liu, M. Liu, M.Z. Wang, H.M. Cheng, "Electrochemical hydrogen storage behavior of ropes of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes" Nano. Lett. 2, 503, (2002).
65 M. Hirscher, M. Becher, M. Haluska, A. Quintel, V. Shakalova, Y.M. Choi, U. Dettlaff-Weglikowska, S. Roth, I. Stepanek, P. Bernier, A. Leohardt, J. Fink, "Hydrogen storage in carbon nanostructures" J. Alloys Compd. 330, 654, (2002).
66 T. Kiyobayashi, H.T. Takeshita, H. Tanaka, N. Takeichi, A. Zuttel, L. Schlapbach, N. Kuriyama, "Hydrogen adsorption in carbonaceous materials - How to determine the storage capacity accurately " J. Alloys Compd. 330, 666, (2002).
67 C. Zhang, X. Lu, A. Gu, "How to accurately determine the uptake of hydrogen in carbonaceous materials" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 29, 1271, (2004).
68 L. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Y. Sun, "A comparative study of hydrogen adsorption on superactivated carbon versus carbon nanotubes" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 29, 475, (2004).
69 M. Haluska, M. Hirscher, M. Becher, U. Dettlaff-Weglikowska, X. Chen, S. Roth, "Interaction of hydrogen isotopes with carbon nanostructures" Mater. Sci. Eng. B 108, 130, (2004).
70 M.U. Niemann, S.S. Srinivasan, A.R. Phani, A. Kumar, D.Y. Goswami, E.K. Stefanakos, "Nanomaterials for hydrogen storage applications: a review" Journal of Nanomaterials 2008, 1, (2008).
71 J. Li, T. Furuta, H. Goto, T. Ohashi, Y. Fujiwara, S. Yip, "Theoretical evaluation of hydrogen storage capacity in pure carbon nanostructures" J. Chem. Phys. 119, 2376, (2003).
72 T. Yildirim, O. Gulseren, S. Ciraci, "Exohydrogenated single-wall carbon nanotubes" Phys. Rev. B 64, 075404, (2001).
73 B.K. Gupta, O.N. Srivastava, "Synthesis and hydrogenation behaviour of graphitic nanofibres" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 25, 825, (2000).
74 M.K. Kostov, H. Cheng, A.C. Cooper, G.P. Pez, "Influence of carbon curvature on molecular adsorptions in carbon-based materials: a force field approach" Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 146105-1, (2002).
75 G. Stan, M.W. Cole, "Hydrogen adsorption in nanotubes" Low Temp. Phys. 110, 539, (1998).
76 P. Kondratyuk, J.T. Yates, "Molecular Views of Physical Adsorption Inside and Outside of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes" Acc. Chem. Res. 40, 995, (2007).
77 A. Zuttel, P. Sudan, P. Mauron, P. Wenger, "Model for the hydrogen adsorption on carbon nanostructures" Appl. Phys. A 78, 941, (2004).
78 N.T. Mandoki, J. Dentzer, T. Piquero, S. Saadallah, P. David, C.V. Guterl, "Hydrogen storage in activated carbon materials: role of the nanoporous texture" Carbon 42, 2753, (2004).
79 B. Panella, M. Hirscher, S. Roth, "Hydrogen adsorption in different carbon nanostructures" Carbon 43, 2209, (2005).
80 P. Guay, B.L. Stansfield, A. Rochefort, "On the control of carbon nanostructures for hydrogen storage applications" Carbon 42, 2187, (2004).
81 Q.Y. Wang, J.K. Johnson, "Optimization of carbon nanotube arrays for hydrogen adsorption" J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 4809, (1999).
82 E. Poirier, R. Chahine, T.K. Bose, "Hydrogen adsorption in carbon nanostructures" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 26, 831, (2001).
83 B.N. Khare, M. Meyyappan, A.M. Cassell, C.V. Nguyen, J. Han, "Functionalization of carbon nanotubes using atomic hydrogen from a glow discharge" Nano. Lett. 2, 73, (2002).
84 P. Ruffieux, O. Groning, M. Bielmann, P. Mauron, L. Schlapbach, P. Groning, "Hydrogen adsorption on sp2-bonded carbon: Influence of the local curvature" Phys. Rev. B 66, 245416, (2002).
85 F.E. Pinkerton, B.G. Wicke, C.H. Olk, G.G. Tibbetts, G.P. Meisner, M.S. Meyer, J.F. Herbst, "Thermogravimetric measurement of hydrogen absorption in alkali-modified carbon materials" J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 9460, (2000).
86 Z.H. Zhu, G.Q. Liu, S.C. Smith, "Comparative study of hydrogen storage in Li- and K-doped carbon materials - theoretically revisited" Carbon 42, 2509, (2004).
87 A. Nikitin, X. Li, Z. Zhang, H. Ogasawara, H. Dai, A. Nilsson, "Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes through the formation of stable C-H bonds" Nano. Lett. 8, 162, (2008).
88 A. Nikitin, H. Ogasawara, D. Mann, R. Denecke, Z. Zhang, H. Dai, K. Cho, A. Nilsson, "Hydrogenation of single-walled carbon nanotubes" Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 225507-1, (2005).
89 A. Centrone, L. Brambilla, Z. Giuseppe, "Adsorption of H2 on carbon-based materials: a Raman spectroscopy study" Phys. Rev. B 71, 245406-1, (2005).
90 B. Panella, M. Hirscher, B. Ludescher, "Low-temperature thermal-desorption mass spectroscopy applied to investigate the hydrogen adsorption on porous materials" Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 103, 230, (2007).
91 B. Panella, M. Hirscher, "Raman studies of hydrogen adsorbed on nanostructured porous materials" Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10, 2910, (2008).
92 J.M. Planeix, N. Coustel, B. Coq, V. Brotons, P.S. Kamblar, R. Dutartre, P. Geneste, P. Bernier, P.M. Ajayan, "Application of carbon nanotubes as supports in heterogeneous catalysis" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 7935, (1994).
93 G.L. Che, B.B. Lakshmi, E.R. Fisher, C.R. Martin, "Carbon nanotubule membranes for electrochemical energy storage and production" Nature 393, 346, (1998).
94 N. Mackiewicz, G. Surendran, H. Remita, B. Keita, G. Zhang, L. Nadjo, A. Hagege, E. Doris, C. Mioskowski, "Supramolecular self-assembly of amphiphiles on carbon nanotubes: a versatile strategy for the construction of CNT/metal nanohybrids, application to electrocatalysis" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 8110, (2008).
95 P.X. Hou, C. Liu, H.M. Cheng, "Purification of carbon nanotubes" Carbon 46, 2003, (2008).
96 T.W. Ebbesen, H. Hiura, H. Fujita, K. Tanigaki, "Purification of nanotubes" Nature 367, 519, (1994).
97 S.C. Tsang, Y.K. Chen, P.J.F. Harris, M.L.H. Green, "A simple chemical method of opening and filling carbon nanotubes" Nature 372, 159, (1994).
98 H.T. Fang, C.G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Li, M. Liu, H.M. Cheng, "Purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes by electrochemical oxidation" Chem. Mater. 16, 5744, (2004).
99 S. Bandow, A.M. Rao, K.A. Williams, A. Thess, R.E. Smalley, P.C. Eklund, "Purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes by microfiltration" J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 8839, (1997).
100 F.H. Ko, C.Y. Lee, C.J. Ko and T.C. Chu, "Purification of multi-walled nanotubes through microwave heating of nitric acid in a closed vessel" Carbon 43, 727, (2005).
101 J.L. Zimmerman, R.K. Bradley, C.B. Huffman, "Gas-phase purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes" Chem. Mater. 12, 1361, (2000).
102 D. Chattopadhyay, I. Galeska, F. Papadimitrakopoulos, "Complete elimination of metal catalysts from single wall carbon nanotubes" Carbon 40, 985, (2002).
103 Y. Wang, H. Shan, R.H. Hauge, M. Pasquali, R.E. Smalley, "A highly selective, one-pot purification method for single-walled carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 1249, (2007).
104 P.X. Hou, C. Liu, Y. Tong, S. Xu, M. Liu, J.H. Cheng, "Purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by the hydrogen arc-discharge method" J. Mater. Res. 16, 2526, (2001).
105 J.F. Colomer, P. Piedigrosso, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, "Different purification methods of carbon nanotubes produced by catalytic synthesis" Synth. Met. 103, 2482, (1999).
106 A.C. Dillon, T. Gennett, K.M. Jones, J.L. Alleman, P.A. Parilla, M.J. Heben, "A simple and complete purification of single-walled carbon nanotube materials" Adv. Mater. 11, 1354, (1999).
107 H. Hiura, T.W. Ebbesen, K. Tanigaki, "Opening and purification of carbon nanotubes in high yields" Adv. Mater. 7, 275, (1995).
108 J. Liu, A.G. Rinzler, H. Dai, J.H. Hafner, R.K. Bradley, P.J. Boul, A. Lu, T. Iverson, K. Shelimov, C.B. Huffman, F. Rodriguez-Macias, Y.S. Shon, T.R. Lee, D.T. Colbert, R.E. Smalley, "Fullerene Pipes" Science 280, 1253, (1998).
109 J.H. Walther, R. Jaffe, T. Halicioglu, P. Koumoutsakos, "Carbon nanotubes in water: structural characteristics and energetics" J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 9980, (2001).
110 Xing, Y.C., "Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of uniformly-dispersed high loading Pt nanoparticles on sonochemically-treated carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 19255, (2004).
111 Y.C. Xing, L. Li, C.C. Chusuei, R.V. Hull, "Sonochemical oxidation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes" Langmuir 21, 4185, (2005).
112 S.C. Tsang, R.J.F. Harris, M.L.H. Green, "Thinning and opening of carbon nanotubes by oxidation using carbon-dioxide" Nature 362, 520, (1993).
113 A. Kuznetsova, I. Popova, J.T. Jr.Yates, M.J. Bronikowski, C.B. Huffman, J. Liu, R.E. Smalley, H.H. Hwu, J.G. Chen, "Oxygen-containing functional groups on single-wall carbon nanotubes: NEXAFS and vibrational spectroscopic studies" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 10699, (2001).
114 K.A.S. Fernando, Y. Lin, Y.P. Sun, "High aqueous solubility of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes" Langmuir 20, 4777, (2004).
115 K.C. Park, T. Hayashi, H. Tomiyasu, M. Endo, M.S. Dresselhaus, "Progressive and invasive functionalization of carbon nanotube sidewalls by diluted nitric acid under supercritical conditions" J. Mater. Chem. 15, 407, (2005).
116 E.V. Basiuk, M. Monroy-Pelaez, I. Puente-Lee, V.A. Basiuk, "Direct solvent-free amination of closed-cap carbon nanotubes: A link to fullerene chemistry" Nano. Lett. 4, 863, (2004).
117 J. Lee, T. Jeong, J. Heo, S.H. Park, D. Lee, J.B. Park, H. Han, Y. Kwon, I. Kovalev, S.M. Yoon, "Short carbon nanotubes produced by cryogenic crushing" Carbon 44, 2984, (2006).
118 J. Li, Y. Zhang, "Cutting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes" Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 2944, (2006).
119 Z.Y. Chen, K.J. Ziegler, J. Shaver, R.H Hauge, R.E. Smalley, "Cutting of single-walled carbon nanotubes by ozonolysis" J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 11624, (2006).
120 J.H. Ahn, H.S. Shin, Y.J. Kim, H. Chung, "Structural modification of carbon nanotubes by various ball milling" J. Alloys Compd. 434-435, 428, (2007).
121 X.X. Wang, J.N. Wang, L.F. Su, J.J. Niu, "Cutting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by solid-state reaction" J. Mater. Chem. 16, 4231, (2006).
122 G. Maurin, I. Stepanek, P. Bernier, J.F. Colomer, J.B. Nagy, F. Henn, "Segmented and opened multi-walled carbon nanotubes" Carbon 39, 1273, (2001).
123 L.C. Venema, J.W.G. Wildoer, H.L.T. Twinsta, C. Dekker, A.G. Rinzler, R.E. Smalley, "Length control of individual carbon nanotubes by nanostructuring with a scanning tunneling microscope" Appl. Phys. Lett. 71(18), 2629, (1997).
124 J.H.T. Luong, S. Hrapovic, Y. Liu, D.Q. Yang, E. Sacher, D. Wang, C.T. Kingston, G.D. Enright, "Oxidation, deformation, and destruction of carbon nanotubes in aqueous ceric sulfate" J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 1400, (2005).
125 T.J. Aitchison, M.G. Markovic, J.G. Matisons, G.P. Simons, P.M. Fredericks, "Purification, cutting, and sidewall functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes using potassium permanganate solutions" J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 2440, (2007).
126 K.J. Ziegler, Z. Gu, H. Peng, E.L. Flor, R.H. Hauge, R.E. Smalley, "Contronlled oxidative cutting of single-walled carbon nanotubes" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 1541, (2005).
127 K.J. Ziegler, Z. Gu, J. Shaver, Z. Chen, E.L. Flor, D.J. Schmidt, C. Chan, R.H. Hauge, R.E. Smalley, "Cutting single-walled carbon nanotubes" Nanotechnology 16, S539, (2005).
128 B.L. Cushing, V.L. Kolesnichenko, C.J. O'Connor, "Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles" Chem. Rev. 104(9), 3893, (2004).
129 K. Watanabe, D. Menzel, N. Nilius, H.J. Freund, "Photochemistry on metal nanoparticles" Chem. Rev. 106(10), 4301, (2006).
130 C. Burda, X. Chen, R. Narayanan, M.A. El-Sayed, "Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes" Chem. Rev. 105(4), 1025, (2005).
131 X.Peng, J. Chen, J.A. Misewich, S.S Wong, "Carbon nanotube-nanocrystal heterostructures" Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 1076, (2009).
132 G.G. Wildgoose, C.E. Banks, R.G. Compton, "Metal nanoparticles and related materials supported on carbon nanotubes: methods and applications" Small 2, 182, (2006).
133 S. Chaudhary, J.H. Kim, K.V. Singh, M. Ozkan, "Fluorescence microscopy visualization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using semiconductor nanocrystals" Nano Lett. 4, 2415, (2004).
134 L. Han, W. Wu, F.L. Kirk, J. Luo, M.M. Maye, N.N. Kariuki, Y.H. Lin, C.M. Wang, C.J. Zhong, "A direct route toward assembly of nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composite materials" Langmuir 20, 6019, (2004).
135 D.M. Guldi, G.M.A. Rahman, V. Sgobba, N.A. Kotov, D. Bonifazi, M. Prato, "CNT-CdTe versatile donor-acceptor nanohybrids" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 2315, (2006).
136 B. Pawelec, V.L. Parola, R.M. Navarro, S.M. Mascaros, J.L.G. Fierro, "On the origin of the high performance of MWNT-supported PtPd catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatics" Carbon 44, 84, (2006).
137 M.H. Yang, J.H. Jiang, Y.H. Yang, X.H. Chen, G.L. Shen, R.Q. Yu, "Carbon nanotube/cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanoparticle - biopolymer system for the fabrication of biosensors" Biosensors Bioelectron. 21, 1791, (2006).
138 C. Bittencourt, A. Felten, J. Ghijsen, J.J. Pireaux, W. Drube, R. Erni, G.V. Tendeloo, "Decorating carbon nanotubes with nickel nanoparticles" Chem. Phys. Lett. 436, 368, (2007).
139 Y. Zhang, H. Dai, "Formation of metal nanowires on suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes" Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 3015, (2000).
140 J. Kong, M.G. Chapline, H.J. Dai, "Functionalized carbon nanotubes for molecular hydrogen sensors" Adv. Mater. 13, 1384, (2001).
141 D.J. Guo, H.L. Li, "High dispersion and electrocatalytic properties of palladium nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes" J. Colloid Interface Sci. 286, 274, (2005).
142 L.T. Qu, L.M. Dai, "Substrate-enhanced electroless deposition of metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 10806, (2005).
143 F. Wang, S. Arai, K.C. Park, K. Takeuchi, Y.J. Kim and M. Endo, "Synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported nickel-phosphorus nanoparticles by an electroless process" Carbon 44, 1307, (2006).
144 J.P. Hu, J.H. Shi, S.P. Li, Y.J. Qin, Z.X. Guo, Y.L. Song, D.B. Zhu, "Efficient method to functionalize carbon nanotubes with thiol groups and fabricate gold nanocomposites" Chem. Phys. Lett. 401, 352, (2005).
145 V. Lordi, N. Yao, J. Wei, "Method for supporting platinum on single-walled carbon nanotubes for a selective hydrogenation catalyst" Chem. Mater. 13, 733, (2001).
146 H. Jiang, L. Zhu, K.S. Moon, C.P. Wong, "The preparation of stable metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes whose surfaces were modified during production" Carbon 45, 655, (2007).
147 Z.L. Liu, X.H. Lin, J.Y. Lee, W.D. Zhang, M. Han, L.M. Gan, "Preparation and characterization of platinum-based electrocatalysts on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells" Langmuir 18, 4054, (2002).
148 L.M. Ang, T.S.A. Hor, G.X. Xu, C.H. Tung, S. Zhao and J.L.S. Wang, "Electroless plating of metals onto carbon nanotubes activated by a single-step activation method" Chem. Mater. 11, 2115, (1999).
149 Q.Q. Li, S.S. Fan, W.Q. Han, C.H. Sun, W.J. Liang, "Coating of carbon nanotube with nickel by electroless plating method" Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L501, (1997).
150 A. Chu, J. Cook, R.J.R. Heesom, J.L. Hutchison, M.L.H. Green, J. Sloan, "Filling of carbon nanotubes with silver, gold and gold chloride" Chem. Mater. 8, 2751, (1996).
151 Ijima, P.M. Ajayan and S., "Capillarity-induced filling of carbon nanotubes" Nature 361, 333, (1993).
152 X. Li, J. Niu, J. Zhang, H. Li, Z. Liu, "Labeling the defects of single-walled carbon nanotubes using titanium dioxide nanoparticles" J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 2453, (2003).
153 L. Qu, L. Dai, E. Osawa, "Shape/size-controlled syntheses of metal nanoparticles for site-selective modification of carbon nanotubes" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 5523, (2006).
154 Y. Lei, C. Xiong, L. Dong, H. Guo, X. Su, J. Yao, Y. You, D. Tian, X. Shang, "Ionic liquid of ultralong carbon nanotubes" Small 3, 1889, (2007).
155 T. Fukushima, A. Kosaka, Y. Ishimura, T. Yamamoto, T. Takigawa, N. Ishii, T. Aida, "Molecular ordering of organic molten salts triggered by singled-walled carbon nanotubes" Science 300, 2072, (2003).
156 Y. Lin, X. Cui, H.C. Chen, C.M. Wai, "Platinum/Carbon nanotube nanocomposite synthesized in supercritical fluid as electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells" J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 14410, (2005).
157 X.R. Ye, Y. Lin, C.M. Wai, "Decorating catalytic palladium nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes in supercritical carbon dioxide" Chem. Commun., (2003).
158 C.H. Yen, K. Shimizu, Y.Y. Lin, F. Bailey, I.F. Cheng, C.M. Wai, "Chemical fluid deposition of Pt-based bimetallic nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for direct fuel cell application" Energy Fuel 21, 2268, (2007).
159 J. Lawrence, G. Xu, "High pressure saturation of hydrogen stored by single-wall carbon nanotubes" Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 918, (2004).
160 F. Darkrim, J. Vermesse, P. Malbrunot, D. Levesque, "Monte Carlo simulations of nitrogen and hydrogen physisorption at high pressures and room temperature. Comparison with experiments" J. Chem. Phys. 110, 4020, (1999).
161 Z.X. Yang, Y.D. Xia, R. Mokaya, "Enhanced hydrogen storage capacity of high surface area zeolite-like carbon materials" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 1673, (2007).
162 B.K. Pradhan, A.R. Harutyunyan, D. Stojkovic, J.C. Grossman, P. Zhang, M.W. Cole, V. Crespi, H. Goto, J. Fujiwara, P.C. Eklund, "Large cryogenic storage of hydrogen in carbon nanotubes at low pressures" J. Mater. Res. 17, 2209, (2002).
163 B.K. Gupta, O.N. Srivastava, "Further studies on microstructural characterization and hydrogenation behaviour of graphitic nanofibres" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 26, 857, (2001).
164 H. Cheng, G.P. Pez, A.C. Cooper, "Mechanism of hydrogen sorption in single-walled carbon nanotubes" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 5845, (2001).
165 Qu, D., "Investigation of hydrogen physisorption active sites on the surface of porous carbonaceous materials" Chem. Eur. J. 14, 1040, (2008).
166 F. Liu, X. Zhang, J. Cheng, J. Tu, F. Kong, W. Huang, C. Chen, "Preparation of short carbon nanotubes by mechanical ball milling and their hydrogen adsorption behavior" Carbon 41, 2527, (2003).
167 H. Takagi, H. Hatori, Y. Soneda, N. Yoshizawa, Y. Yamada, "Adsorption hydrogen storage in carbon and porous materials" Mater. Sci. Eng. B 108, 143, (2004).
168 P.X. Hou, S.T. Xu, Z. Ying, Q.H. Yang, C. Liu, H.M. Cheng, "Hydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different diameters" Carbon 41, 2471, (2003).
169 Y. Gogotsi, R.K. Dash, G. Yushin, T. Yildirim, G. Laudisio, J.E. Fischer, "Tailoring of nanoscale porosity in carbide-derived carbons for hydrogen storage" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 16006, (2005).
170 D.Y. Kim, C.M. Yang, M. Yamamoto, D.H. Lee, Y. Hattori, K. Takahashi, H. Kanoh, K. Kaneko, "Supercritical hydrogen adsorption of ultramicropore-enriched single-wall carbon nanotube sheet" J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 17448, (2007).
171 X.B. Zhao, B. Xiao, A.J. Fletcher, K.M. Thomas, "Hydrogen adsorption on functionalized nanoporous activated carbons" J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 8880, (2005).
172 A. Gigras, S.K. Bhatia, A.V. Anil Kumar, A.L. Myers, "Feasibility o tailoring for high isosteric heat to improve effectiveness of hydrogen storage in carbons" Carbon 45, 1043, (2007).
173 M. Monthioux, B.W. Smith, B. Burteaux, A. Claye, J.E. Fischer, D.E. Luzzi, "Sensitivity of single-wall carbon nanotubes to chemical processing: an electron microscopy investigation" Carbon 39, 1251, (2001).
174 R. Dash, J. Chmiola, G. Yushin, Y. Gogotsi, G. Landisio, J. Singer, J. Fischer, K. Kucheyev, "Titanium carbide derived nanoporous carbon for energy-related applications" Carbon 44, 2489, (2006).
175 M. Shiraishi, T. Takenobu, H. Kataura, M. Ata, "Hydrogen adsorption and desorption in carbon nanotube systems and its mechanisms" Appl. Phys. A 78, 947, (2004).
176 E. Poirier, R. Chahine, P. Benard, D. Cossement, L. Lafi, E. Melancon, T.K. Bose, S. Desilets, "Storage of hydrogen on single-walled carbon nanotubes and other carbon structures" Appl. Phys. A 78, 961, (2004).
177 J.H. Sinfelt, P.J. Lucchesi, "Kinetic evidence for the migration of reactive intermediates in surface catalysis" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 3365, (1963).
178 A.J. Robell, E.V. Ballou, M. Boudart, "Surface diffusion of hydrogen on carbon" J. Phys. Chem. 68(10), 2748, (1964).
179 Taylor, H., "Surface catalysis" Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 12, 127, (1961).
180 Khoobiar, S., "Particle to particle migration of hydrogen atoms on platinum—alumina catalysts from particle to neighboring particles" J. Phys. Chem. 68, 411, (1964).
181 W.C. Conner, J.L. Falconer, "Spillover in Heterogeneous Catalysis" Chem. Rev. 95, 759, (1995).
182 Pajonk, G.M., "Contribution of spillover effects to heterogeneous catalysis" Appl. Catal. A 202, 157, (2000).
183 Y.W. Li, R.T. Yang, "Hydrogen storage on platinum nanoparticles doped on superactivated carbon" J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 11086, (2007).
184 F.H. Yang, A.J. Lachawiec and R.T. Yang, "Adsorption of spillover hydrogen atoms on singel-wall carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 6236, (2006).
185 A.D. Lueking, R.T. Yang, "Hydrogen spillover from a metal oxide catalyst onto carbon nanotubes - implications for hydrogen storage" J. Catal. 206, 165, (2002).
186 A.D. Lueking, R.T. Yang, "Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes: residual metal content and pretreatment temperature" AlChE J. 49, 1556, (2003).
187 A.J. Lachawiec, G.S. Qi, R.T. Yang, "Hydrogen storage in nanostructured carbons by spillover: bridge-building enhancement" Langmuir 21, 11418, (2005).
188 Y.W. Li, R.T. Yang, "Hydrogen storage on carbon doped with platinum nanoparticles using plasma reduction" Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 46, 8277, (2007).
189 L. Wang, R.T. Yang, "Hydrogen storage properties of carbons doped with ruthenium, platinum and nickel nanoparticles" J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 12486, (2008).
190 R.T. Yang, Y. Wang, "Catalyzed hydrogen spillover for hydrogen storage" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 4224, (2009).
191 L. Wang, F.H. Yang, R.T. Yang, M.A. Miller, "Effect of surface oxygen groups in carbons on hydrogen storage by spillover" Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 2920, (2009).
192 Y. Wang, R.T. Yang, "Increased hydrogen spillover by gaseous impurity: the Benson-Boudart method for dispersion revisited" J. Catal. 260, 198, (2008).
193 A.J. Lachawiec, R.T. Yang, "Isotope tracer study of hydrogen spillover on carbon-based adsorbents for hydrogen storage" Langmuir 24, 6159, (2008).
194 R. Zacharia, K.Y. Kim, A.K.M. Fazle Kibria, K.S. Nahm, "Enhancement of hydrogen storage capacity of carbon nanotubes via spill-over from vanadium and palladium nanoparticles" Chem. Phys. Lett. 412, 369, (2005).
195 R. Zacharia, S.U. Rather, S.W. Hwang, K.S. Nahm, "Spillover of physisorbed hydrogen from sputter-deposited arrays of platinum nanoparticles to multi-walled carbon nanotubes" Chem. Phys. Lett. 434, 286, (2007).
196 M. Marella, M. Tomaselli, "Synthesis of carbon nanofibers and measurements of hydrogen storage" Carbon 44, 1404, (2006).
197 M. Zielinski, R. Wojcieszak, S. Monteverdi, M. Mercy, M.M. Bettahar, "Hydrogen storage in nickel catalysts supported on activated carbon" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 1024, (2007).
198 C.H. Chen, C.C. Huang, "Hydrogen storage by KOH-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 237, (2007).
199 M. Zielinski, R. Wojcieszak, S. Monteverdi, M. Mercy, M.M. Bettahar, "Hydrogen storage on nickel catalysts supported on amorphous activated carbon" Catal. Commun. 6, 777, (2005).
200 A. Anson, E. Lafuente, E. Urriolabeita, R. Navarro, A.M. Benito, W.K. Maser, M.T. Martinez, "Preparation of palladium loaded carbon nanotubes and activated carbons for hydrogen sorption" J. Alloys Compd. 436, 294, (2007).
201 A.L.M. Reddy, S. Ramaprabhu, "Hydrogen adsorption properties of single-walled carbon nanotube-nanocrystalline platinum composites" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 1028, (2008).
202 H.S. Kim, H. Lee, K.S. Han, J.H. Kim, M.S. Song, M.S. Park, J.Y. Lee and J.K. Kang, "Hydrogen storage in Ni nanoparticle-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 8983, (2005).
203 E. Yoo, L. Gao, T. Komatsu, N. Yagai, K. Arai, T. Yamazaki, K. Matsuishi, T. Matsumoto, J. Nakamura, "Atomic hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes promoted by metal catalysts" J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 18903, (2004).
204 S.T. Srinivas, P.K. Rao, "Direct observation of hydrogen spillover on carbon-supported platinum and its influence on the hydrogenation of benzene" J. Catal. 148, 470, (1994).
205 P.C.H. Mitchell, A.J. Ramirez-Cuesta, S.F. Parker, J. Tomkinson, D. Thompsett, "Hydrogen spillover on carbon-supported metal catalysts studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Surface vibrational states and hydrogen riding modes" J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 6838, (2003).
206 P.C.H. Mitchell, A.J. Ramirez-Cuesta, S.F. Parker, J. Tomkinson, "Inelastic neutron scattering in spectroscopic studies of hydrogen on carbon-supported catalysts-experimental spectra and computed spectra of model systems" J. Mol. Struct. 651, 781, (2003).
207 L. Chen, A.C. Cooper, G.P. Pez, H.S. Cheng, "Mechanistic study on hydrogen spillover onto graphitic carbon materials" J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 18995, (2007).
208 C.K. Back, G. Sandi, J. Prakash, J. Hranisavljevic, "Hydrogen sorption on palladium-doped sepiolite-derived carbon nanofibers" J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 16225, (2006).
209 C.J. Liu, G.P. Vissokov, B.W.L. Jang, "Catalyst preparation using plasma technologies" Catal. Today 72, 173, (2002).
210 C.I. Contescu, C.M. Brown, Y. Liu, V.V. Bhat and N.C. Gallego, "Detection of Hydrogen Spillover in Palladium-Modified Activated Carbon Fibers during Hydrogen Adsorption" J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 5886, (2009).
211 Leitner, W., "Supercritical carbon dioxide as a green reaction medium for catalysis" Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 746, (2002).
212 DeSimone, J.M., "Practical approaches to green solvents" Science 297, 799, (2002).
213 H. Uchiyama, M. Sone, C. Ishiyama, T. Endo, T. Hatsuzawa, Y. Higo, "Uniform Ni-P film using an electroless plating method with an emulsion of supercritical carbon dioxide" J. Electrochem. Soc. 154(7), E91, (2007).
214 D.P. Long, J.M. Blackburn, J.J. Watkins, "Chemical fluid deposition: a hybrid technique for low-temperature metallization" Adv. Mater. 12, 913, (2000).
215 Poliakoff, J.A. Darr and M., "New directions in inorganic and metal-organic coordination chemistry in supercritical fluids" Chem. Rev. 99, 495, (1999).
216 J.M. Blackburn, D.P. Long. A. Cabanas, J.J. Watkins, "Deposition of conformal copper and nickel films from supercritical carbon dioxide" Science 294, 141, (2001).
217 K.P Johnston, P.S. Shah, "Materials science - Making nanoscale materials with supercritical fluids" Science 5657, 482, (2004).
218 J.J. Watkins, J.M. Blackburn, T.J. McCarthy, "Chemical Fluid deposition: reactive deposition of platinum metal from carbon dioxide solution" Chem. Mater. 11, 213, (1999).
219 M.J. Meziani, P. Pathak, R. Hurezeanu, M.C. Thies, R.M. Encik, Y.P. Sun, "Supercritical-fluid processing technique for nanoscale polymer particles" Angew. Chem. 116, 722, (2004).
220 McCarthy, J.J. Watkins and T.J., "Polymer/metal nanocomposite synthesis in supercritical CO2" Chem. Mater. 7, 1991, (1995).
221 Y. Zhang, C. Erkey, "Preparation of supported metallic nanoparticles using supercritical fluids: a review" J. Supercrit. Fluids 38, 252, (2006).
222 P. Raveendran, Y. Ikushima, S.L. Wallen, "Polar attributes of supercritical carbon dioxide" Acc. Chem. Res. 38, 478, (2005).
223 C.A. Fernandez, C.M. Wai, "Continuous tuning of silver nanoparticle size in a water-in-supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion" Small 2, 1266, (2006).
224 M. Ji, X. Chen, C.M. Wai, J.L. Fulton, "Synthesizing and dispersing silver nanoparticles in a water-in-supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 2631, (1999).
225 J.M. Dobbs, J.M. Wong, R.J. Lahiere, K.P. Johnston, "Modification of supercritical fluid phase behavior using polar cosolvents" Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26(1), 56, (1987).
226 J.M. Dobbs, J.M. Wong, K.P. Johnston, "Nonpolar cosolvents for solubility enhancement in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide" J. Chem. Eng. Data 31, 303, (1986).
227 M. Zhong, B. Han, H. Yan, D.Y. Peng, "Effect of ethanol and n-octane on the solubility of stearic acid in the supercritical CO2" Fluid Phase Equilib. 134, 175, (1997).
228 G. An, N. Na. X. Zhang, Z. Miao, S. Miao, K. Ding, Z. Liu, "SnO2/carbon nanotube nanocomposits synthesized in supercritical fluids: highly efficient materials for use as a chemical sensor and as the anode of a lithium-ion battery" Nanotechnology 18, 435707, (2007).
229 G. An. P. Yu, L. Mao, Z. Sun, Z. Liu, S. Miao, Z. Miao, K. Ding, "Synthesis of PtRu/carbon nanotube composites in supercritical fluid and their application as an electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells" Carbon 45, 536, (2007).
230 Z. Sun, Z. Liu, B. Han, S. Miao, Z. Miao, G. An, "Decoration carbon nanotubes with Pd and Ru nanocrystals via an inorganic reaction route in supercritical carbon dioxide-methanol solution" J. Colloid Interface Sci. 304, 323, (2006).
231 X.R. Ye, Y. Lin, C. Wang, M.H. Engelhard, Y. Wang, C.M. Wai, "Supercritical fluid synthesis and characterization of catalytic metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes" J. Mater. Chem. 14, 908, (2004).
232 X.R. Ye, Y. Lin, C.M. Wai, J.B. Talbot, S.H. Jin, "Supercritical fluid attachment of palladium nanoparticles on aligned carbon nanotubes" J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5, 964, (2005).
233 K. Shimizu, I.F. Cheng, J.S. Wang, C.H. Yen, B. Yoon, C.M. Wai, "Water-in-supercritical CO2 microemulsion for synthesis of carbon-nanotube-supported Pt electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction" Energy Fuel 22, 2543, (2008).
234 B. Yoon, C.M. Wai, "Microemulsion-templated synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported Pd and Rh nanoparticles for catalytic applications" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 17174, (2005).
235 B. Yoon, H.B. Pan, C.M. Wai, "Relative catalytic activities of carbon nanotube-supported metallic nanoparticles for room-temperature hydrogenation of benzene" J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 1520, (2009).
236 G. Gundiah, A. Govindaraj, N. Rajalakshmi, K.S. Dhathathreyan, C.N.R. Rao, "Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes and related materials" J. Mater. Chem. 13, 209, (2003).
237 I. Lombardi, M. Bestetti, C. Mazzocchia, P. Cavallotti, U. Ducati, "Electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage" Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 7, A115, (2004).
238 S.M. Lee, Y.H. Lee, "Hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes" Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2877, (2000).
239 F.V. Zeppelin, M. Haluska, M. Hirscher, "Thermal desorption spectroscopy as a quantitative tool to determine the hydrogen content in solids" Thermochim. Acta 404, 251, (2003).
240 B.K. Gupta, R.S. Tiwari, O.N. Srivastava, "Studies on synthesis and hydrogenation behaviour of graphitic nanofibres prepared through palladium catalyst assisted thermal cracking of acetylene" J. Alloys Compd. 381, 301, (2004).
241 R. Checchetto, G. Trettel, A. Miotell, "Sievert-type apparatus for the study of hydrogen storage in solids" Meas. Sci. Technol. 15, 127, (2004).
242 W. Pan, X. Zhang, S. Li, D. Wu, Z. Mao, "Measuring hydrogen storage capacity of carbon nanotubes by high-pressure microbalance" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 30, 719, (2005).
243 X. Li, H. Zhu, C. Xu, Z. Mao, D. Wu, "Measuring hydrogen storage capacity of carbon nanotubes by tangent-mass method" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 28, 1251, (2003).
244 K. Shindo, T. Kondo, Y. Sakurai, "Hydrogen physisorption capacities of mechanically milled activated carbon powders in a H2 atmosphere using a gravimetric method" J. Alloys Compd. 379, 252, (2004).
245 A. Anson, M. Benham, J. Jagiello, M.A. Callejas, A.M. Benito, W.K. Maser, A. Zuttel, P. Sudan, M.T. Martinez, "Hydrogen adsorption on a single-walled carbon nanotube material: a comparative study of three different adsorption techniques" Nanotechnology 15, 1503, (2004).
246 K. Jurewicz, E. Frackowiak, F. Beguin, "Towards the mechanism of electrochemical hydrogen storage in nanostructured carbon materials" Appl. Phys. A 78, 981, (2004).
247 T.P. Blach, E.M. Gray, "Sieverts apparatus and methodology for accurate determination of hydrogen uptake by light-atom hosts" J. Alloys Compd. 446-447, 692, (2006).
248 A.J. Lachawiec, T.R. DiRamondo, R.T. Yang, "A robust volumetric apparatus and method for measuring high pressure hydrogen storage properties of nanostructured materials" Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 063906, (2008).
249 F.L. Darkrim, P. Malbrunot, G.P. Tartaglia, "Review of hydrogen storage by adsorption in carbon nanotubes" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 27, 193, (2002).
250 M.J. Benham, D.K. Ross, "Experimental-determination of adsorption-desorption isotherms by computer-controlled gravimetric analysis" Z. Phys. Chem. NF 163, 25, (1989).
251 H.W. Langmi, A. Walton, M.M. Al-Mamouri, S.R. Johnson, D. Book, J.D. Speight, P.P. Edwards, I. Gameson, P.A. Anderson, I.R. Harris, "Hydrogen adsorption in zeolites A, X, Y and RHO" J. Alloys Compd. 356, 710, (2003).
252 D. Lupu, A.R. Biris, I. MIsan, A. Jianu, G. Holzhuter, E. Burkel, "Hydrogen uptake by carbon nanofibers catalyzed by palladium" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 29, 97, (2004).
253 E. Poirier, R. Chahine, A. Tessier, T.K. Bose, "Gravimetric and volumetric approaches adapted for hydrogen sorption measurements with in situ conditioning on small sorbent samples" Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 055101, (2005).
254 L. Wang, R.T. Yang, "New sorbents for hydrogen storage by hydrogen spillover - a reivew" Energy Environ. Sci. 1, 268, (2008).
255 A.P. Vestbo, J.O. Jensen, N.J. Bjerrum, "Development of a high-pressure microbalance for hydrogen storage materials" J. Alloys Compd. 446, 703, (2007).
256 P.S. Shah, S. Husain, K.P. Johnston, B.A. Korgel, "Role of steric stabilization on the arrested growth of silver nanocrystals in supercritical carbon dioxide" J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 12178, (2002).
257 M. Chatterjee, M.K. Naskar, "In situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles inside the pores of MCM-48 in supercritical carbon dioxide and its catalytic application" Adv. Synth. Catal. 348, 1580, (2006).
258 J.S. Wang, H.B. Pan, C.M. Wai, "Deposition of metal nanoparticles on carbon nanotube via hexane modified water-in-CO2 microemulsion at room temperature" J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6, 2025, (2006).
259 Walling, C., "Fenton's reagent revisited" Acc. Chem. Res. 8, 125, (1975).
260 M.S. Dresselhaus, P.C. Eklund, "Phonons in carbon nanotubes" Adv. Phys. 49, 709, (2000).
261 P.C. Eklund, J.M. Holden and R.A. Jishi, "Vibrational-modes of carbon nanotubes - spectroscopy and theory" Carbon 33, 959, (1995).
262 C.J. Keattch, D. Dollimore, An Introduction to thermogravimetry. (Heyden, 1975).
263 E. Natividad, E. Lataste, M. Lahaye, J.M. Neintz, J.F. Silvain, "Chemical and morphological study of the sensitisation, activation and Cu electroless plating of Al2O3 polycrystalline substrate" Sur. Sci. 557, 129, (2004).
264 S. Shukla, S. Seal, J. Akesson, R. Oder, R. Charter, Z. Rahman, "Study of mechanism of electroless copper coating of fly-ash cenosphere particles" Appl. Surf. Sci. 181, 35, (2001).
265 Y. Matsushima, T. Yamazaki, K. Maeda, T. Suzuki, "Fabrication of SnO2 particle-layers using the electrospray method and gas sensing properties for H2" J. Electroceram. 13, 765, (2004).
266 N. Feldstein, J.A. Weiner, "Surface Characterization of Sensitized and Activated Teflon" J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 475, (1973).
267 Q. Zeng, J. Luna, Y. Bayazitoglu, K. Wilson, M.A. Imam, E.V. Barrera, "Metal coated functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes for composites application" Mater. Sci. Forum 561-565, 655, (2007).
268 L.M. Ang, T.S.A. Hor, G.Q. Xu, C.H. Tung, S.P. Zhao, J.L.S. Wang, "Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes with copper and nickel" Carbon 38, 363, (2000).
269 F. Wang, S. Arai and M. Endo, "The preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with a Ni-P coating by an electroless deposition process" Carbon 43, 1721, (2005).
270 Q. Zeng, Y. Bayazitoglu, J. Zhu, K. Wilson, M.A. Imam, E.V. Barrera, "Coating of SWNTs with nickel by electroless plating method" Mater. Sci. Forum 475-479, 1013, (2005).
271 F.Z. Kong, X.B. Zhang, W.Q. Xiong, F. Liu, W.Z. Huang, Y.L. Sun, J.P. Tu, X.W. Chen, "Continuous Ni-layer on multiwalled carbon nanotubes by an electroless plating method" Surf. Coat. Tech. 155, 33, (2002).
272 L.M. Abrantes, J.P Correia, "On the mechanism of electroless Ni-P plating" J. Electrochem. Soc. 141, 2356, (1994).
273 M.E. Touhami, E. Chassaing, M. Cherkaoui, "Kinetics of the autocatalytic deposition of Ni-P alloys in ammoniacal solutions" Electrochim. Acta 43, 1721, (1998).
274 W.J. Cheong, B.L. Luan, D.W. Shoesmith, "The effects of stabilizers on the bath stability of electroless Ni deposition and the deposit" Appl. Surf. Sci. 229, 282, (2004).
275 M. Charbonnier, M. Romand, Y. Goepfert, D. Leonard, F. Bessueille and M. Bouadi, "Palladium (+2) reduction: a key step for the electroless Ni metallization of insulating substrates by a tin-free process" Thin Solid Films 515, 1623, (2006).
276 J. Cheng, X. Zhang and Y. Ye, "Synthesis of nickel nanoparticles and carbon encapsulated nickel nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes" J. Solid State Chem. 179, 91, (2006).
277 Z. Bai, H. Chen, B. Li, W. Li, "Methane decomposition over Ni loaded activated carbon for hydrogen production and the formation of filamentous carbon" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 32, (2007).
278 C.T. Hsieh, Y.W. Chou, W.Y. Chen, "Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel nanoparticles for use as an electrochemical capacitor" J. Solid State Electrochem. 12, 663, (2008).
279 X. Zhao, U.J. Lee, K.H. Lee, "Synthesis of Hierarchical Carbon Nanostructures Functionalized with Metal Nanoparticles" J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 9539, (2008).
280 A.Y. Cao, C.L. Xu, J. Liang, D. Wu, B. Wei, "X-ray diffraction characterization on the alignment degree of carbon nanotubes" Chem. Phys. Lett. 344, 13, (2001).
281 S.W. Kim, J. Park, Y. Jan, Y. Chung, S. Hwang, T. Hyeon, "Synthesis of monodisperse palladium nanoparticles" Nano Lett. 3, 1289, (2003).
282 J.M. Blackburn, D.P. Long, J.J. Watkins, "Reactive deposition of conformal palladium films from supercritical carbon dioxide solution" Chem. Mater. 12, 2625, (2000).
283 Y. Zhang, N.W. Franklin, R.J. Chen, H. Dai, "Metal coating on suspended carbon nanotubes and its implication to metal-tube interaction" Chem. Phys. Lett. 331, 35, (2000).
284 B. Xue, P. Chen, Q. Hong, J.Y. Lin, K.L. Tan, "Growth of Pd, Pt, Ag and Au nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes" J. Mat. Chem. 11, 2378, (2001).
285 P. Chen, X. Wu, J. Lin and K.L. Tan, "Synthesis of Cu Nanoparticles and Microsized Fibers by Using Carbon Nanotubes as a Template" J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 4559, (1999).
286 J.M. Moon, K.H. An, Y.H. Lee, Y.S. Park, D.J. Bae, G.S. Park, "High-yield purification process of singlewalled carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 5677, (2001).
287 N.E. Tran, S.G. Lambrakos, "Purification and defect elimination of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the thermal reduction technique" Nanotechnology 16, 639, (2005).
288 M.V. Veloso, A.G. Souza, J. Mendes, J.M. Filho, S.B. Fagan, R. Mota, " Ab initio study of covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes" Chem. Phys. Lett. 430, 71, (2006).
289 E.B. Yan, J.K. Unthank, M.C. Melendez, S.L. Miller, S.J. Langford and D.W. Walker, "Novel method for in vivo hydroxyl radical measurement by microdialysis in fetal sheep brain in utero" J. Appl. Physiol. 98, 2304, (2005).
290 T.W. Odom, J.L. Huang, P. Kim, C.M. Lieber, "Structure and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 2794, (2000).
291 K.S. Suslick, T.W. Hyeon, M.M. Fang, "Nanostructured materials generated by high-intensity ultrasound: Sonochemical synthesis and catalytic studies" Chem. Mater. 8, 2172, (1996).
292 Gedanken, A., "Sonochemistry and its application to nanochemistry" Curr. Sci. 85, 1720, (2003).
293 Y. Liu, L. Gao, J. Sun, S. Zheng, L. Jiang, Y. Wang, H. Kajiura, Y. Li, K. Noda, "A multi-step strategy for cutting and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes" Carbon 45, 1972, (2007).
294 D. Srivastave, D.W. Brenner, J.D. Schall, K.D. Ausman, M.F. Yu, R.S. Ruoff, "Predictions of enhanced chemical reactivity at regions of local conformational strain on carbon nanotubes: Kinky chemistry" J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 4330, (1999).
295 T. Ngo, E.J. Snyder, W.M. Tong, R.S. Williams, M.S. Anderson, "O-atom etching of graphite in low-earth-orbit" Sur. Sci. 314, L817, (1994).
296 H.X. You, N.M.D. Brown, K.F. Alassadi, "Radiofrequency (RF) plasma-etching of graphite with oxygen - a scanning tunneling microscope study" Sur. Sci. 284, 263, (1993).
297 N. Yao, V. Lordi, S.X.C. Ma, E. Dujardin, A. Krishnan, M.M.J. Treacy, T.W. Ebbesen, "Structure and oxidation patterns of carbon nanotubes" J. Mater. Res. 13, 2432, (1998).
298 H.J. Burch, E. Brown, S.A. Contera, N.C. Toledo, D.C. Cox, N. Grobert, L. Hao, J.F. Ryan, J.A. Davies, "Effect of acid treatment on the structure and electrical properties of nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 1908, (2008).
299 J. Zhang, H.L. Zou, Q. Qing, Y. Yang, Q. Li, Z. Liu, X. Guo, Z. Du, "Effect of chemical oxidation on the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes" J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 3712, (2003).
300 T.W. Ebbesen, H. Hiura, M.E. Bisher, M.M.J. Treacy, J. Shreeve-Keyer, R.C. Haushalter, "Decoration of carbon nanotubes" Adv. Mater. 8, 155, (1996).
301 A.M. Zhang, J.L. Dong, Q.H. Xu, H.K. Rhee, X.L. Li, "Palladium cluster filled in inner of carbon nanotubes and their catalytic properties in liquid phase benzene hydrogenation" Catal. Today 93-95, 347, (2004).
302 E. Dujardin, T.W. Ebbesen, H. Hiura, and K. Tanigaki, "Capillarity and wetting of carbon nanotubes" Science 265, 1850, (1994).
303 Y.L. Yao, Y. Ding, L.S. Ye, X.H. Xia, "Two-step pyrolysis process to synthesize highly dispersed Pt-Ru/carbon nanotube catalysts for methanol electrooxidation" Carbon 44, 61, (2006).
304 M. Hirscher, B. Panella, "Nanostructures with high surface area for hydrogen storage" J. Alloys Compd. 404-406, 399, (2005).
305 Sandrock, G., "A panoramic overview of hydrogen storage alloys from a gas reaction point of view" J. Alloys Compd. 293, 877, (1999).
306 J.W. Lee, H.S. Kim, J.Y. Lee, J.K. Kang, "Hydrogen storage and desorption properties of Ni-dispersed carbon nanotubes" Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 143126, (2006).
307 D.J. Browning, M.L. Gerrard, J.B. Lakeman, I.M. Mellor, R.J. Mortimer, M.C. Turpin, "Studies into the storage of hydrogen in carbon nanofibers: proposal of a possible reaction mechanism" Nano Lett. 2, 201, (2002).
308 L.M. Gandia, M. Montes, "Effect of thermal treatments on the properties of nickel and cobalt activated-charcoal-supported catalysts" J. Catal. 145, 276, (1994).
309 D. Mehandjiev, E. Bekyarova, M. Khristova, "Study of Ni-impregnated active carbon II. Catalytic behavior in NO conversion" J. Colloid Interface Sci. 192(2), 440, (1997).
310 S.U. Rather, R. Zacharia, S.W. Hwang, M.U.D. Naik, K.S. Nahm, "Hydrogen uptake of palladium-embedded MWCNTs produced by impregnation and condensed phase reduction method" Chem. Phys. Lett. 441, 261, (2007).
311 Y.W. Li, F.H. Yang, R.T. Yang, "Kinetics and mechanistic model for hydrogen spillover on bridged metal-organic frameworks" J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 3405, (2007).
312 M. Yamauchi, R. Ikeda, H. Kitagawa, M. Takata, "Nanosize Effects on Hydrogen Storage in Palladium" J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 3294, (2008).
313 C. Sachs, A. Pundt, R. Kirchheim, M. Winter, M.T. Reetz, D. Fritsh, "Solubility of hydrogen in single-sized palladium clusters" Phys. Rev. B 64, 075408, (2001).
314 J.A. Eastman, L.J. Thompson and B.J. Kestel, "Narrowing of the palladium-hydrogen miscibility gap in nanocrystalline palladium" Phys. Rev. B 48, 84, (1993).
315 T. Kuji, Y. Matsumura, H. Uchida, T. Aizawa, "Hydrogen absorption of nanocrystalline palladium" J. Alloys Compd. 330, 718, (2002).
316 T.I.T. Okpalugo, P. Papakonstantinou, H. Murphy, J. McLaughlin, N.M.D. Brown, "High resolution XPS characterization of chemical functionalized MWCNTs and SWCNTs" Carbon 43, 153, (2005).
317 P. Jain, D.A. Fonseca, E. Schaible, A.D. Lueking, "Hydrogen uptake of platinum-doped graphite nanofibers and stochastic analysis of hydrogen spillover" J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 1788, (2007).
318 H. Cheng, L. Chen, A.C. Cooper, X. Sha, G.P. Pez, "Hydrogen spillover in the context of hydrogen storage using solid-state materials" Energy Environ. Sci. 1, 338, (2008).
319 T. Roman, W.A. Dino, H. Nakanishi, H. Kasai, T. Sugimoto, K. Tange, "Hydrogen pairing on graphene" Carbon 107, 6838, (2007).
320 D. Stojkovic, P. Zhang, P.E. Lammert, V.H. Crespi, "Collective stabilization of hydrogen chemisorption on graphene surfaces" Phys. Rev. B 68, 195406, (2003).
321 K.L. Lu, R.M. Lago, Y.K. Chen, M.L.H. Green, P.J.H. Harris, S.C. Tsang, "Mechanical damage of carbon nanotubes by ultrasound" Carbon 34, 814, (1996).
322 Bondi, A., "van der Waals Volumes and Radii" J. Phys. Chem. 68, 441, (1964).
323 C.H. Chen, C.C. Huang, "Effect of surface characteristics and catalyst loaded amount on hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes" Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 112, 553, (2008).
324 E. Yoo, T. Habe, J. Nakamura, "Possibilities of atomic hydrogen storage by carbon nanotubes or graphite materials" Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 6, 615, (2005).
325 S. Kocabas, T. Kopac, G. Dogu, T. Dogu, "Effect of heat treatments and palladium loading on hydrogen sorption characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes" Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 1693, (2008).
326 C.H. Chen, C.C. Huang, "Hydrogen adsorption in defective carbon nanotubes" Sep. Purif. Technol. 65, 305, (2009).
327 D.B. Mawhinney, V. Naumenko, A. Kuznetsova, J.T. Yates, Jr., J. Liu, R.E. Smalley, "Infrared spectral evidence for the etching of carbon nanotubes: Ozone oxidation at 298 K" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 2383, (2000).
328 D.J. Suh, T.J. Park, S.K. Ihm, "Effect of surface oxygen groups of carbon supports on the characteristics of Pd/C catalysts" Carbon 31, 427, (1993).
329 V.V. Bhat, C.I. Contescu, N.C. Gallego, "The role of destabilization of palladium hydride in the hydrogen uptake of Pd-containing activated carbons" Nanotechnology 20, 204011, (2009).
330 R. Campesi, F. Cuevas, R. Gadiou, E. Leroy, M. Mirscher, C. Vix-Guterl, M. Latroche, "Hydrogen storage properties of Pd nanoparticle/carbon template composites" Carbon 46, 206, (2008).