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研究生： 范燕婷
Fann, Yen-Ting
論文名稱： 石油焦作業勞工之多環芳香烴化物暴露及 健康危害風險評估
Exposure and Health-risk Assessments for Petroleum Coke Workers Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
指導教授： 蔡朋枝
Tsai, Perng-Jy
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 醫學院 - 環境醫學研究所
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
論文出版年： 2006
畢業學年度： 94
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 91
中文關鍵詞： 呼吸道暴露 、石油焦作業勞工 、多環芳香烴化物 、皮膚暴露 、生物偵測 、健康危害風險
外文關鍵詞： Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, petroleum coke worker, Respiratory exposure, Health risk, Biological monitoring
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    • 本研究旨在探討石油焦各作業勞工PAHs暴露特徵、健康危害風險及勞工PAHs暴露與生物暴露指標之相關性。暴露評估方面主要針對勞工個人呼吸道採樣及皮膚貼布採樣加以評估，並將勞工依工作場所及工作內容區分為前段製程區（n=3）、結焦槽（n=5）、脫水倉（n=4）和廣場作業（n=2）四個相似暴露族群。暴露評估之結果並針對其致肺癌及皮膚癌進行風險評估。勞工生物偵測方面將勞工每日工作前後之尿液進行1-OHP之分析，並藉以探討勞工環境暴露值與生物偵測之相關性。
    結果顯示石油焦作業勞工所暴露到的Total-PAHs平均暴露濃度分別為，前段製程：31,931ng/m3、結焦槽區：31,006ng/m3、脫水倉區：34,283ng/m3、廣場焦粉區：29,346ng/m3。本研究發現這四區勞工呼吸道及皮膚暴露之PAHs分別以低分子量PAH與高分子量PAH為主；其致肺癌與致皮膚癌的風險分別為0.70×10-2~1.39×10-2及0.63×10-4~1.12×10-4之間，因此針對石油焦作業勞工之保護應以呼吸暴露防範為優先。石油焦勞工尿中1-OHP的物半衰期平均及範圍分別為15.10及5.39~57.35小時。在環境偵測部份與生物偵測方面，經由多變相線性迴歸發現勞工的抽菸習慣以及工作年資均沒有顯著的意義，但結合個人呼吸道氣、固相及皮膚之PAHs暴露量，可解釋59.8％勞工一天尿中1-OHP濃度的變異量。

    The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics and health risk of petroleum coke workers caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）exposure. The association between personal exposures and biological monitoring was also studied.
    Personal respiratory and dermal samples were collected on all selected workers. The works were divided into four similar exposure groups（SEGs）accordind to their working places and contents. The four groups included pre-process operators（n=3）, coke tank operators（n=5）, dehydration tank operators（n=4）and coke field operators（n=2）. Results of personal exposure were further used to assess health-risk of lung cancer and skin cancer. The results of personal exposure measurement show that total-PAHs exposure levels for the four SEGs were 31,931（pre-process）, 31,006（coke tank）, 34,283（dehydration tank）and 29,346 ng/m3（coke field）, respectively.
    The data presented that the personal inhalatory and dermal exposure were mainly contributed by the low molecular weight and hight molecular weight PAHs, respectively. The estimated lung cancer and skin cancer risks for all investigated SEGs fell to the range 0.70×10-2~1.39×10-2, and 0.63×10-4~1.12×10-4, respectively. It indicates that the preventing strategy should be focused on inhalator exposures, rather than the dermal contact.
    The mean of 1-OHP half-life in petroleum coke workers was 15.10hr ranging from 5.39 to 57.35 hours. By conducting multivariate linear regression analysis, this study found that workers’ smoking habit and working age were not significant, but through the combination of both personal gas- and partical-phase respiratory and dermal exposures would be able to explain 59.8% variations on workers’ daily urinary 1-hydroxypyrene（1-OHP）.

    總目錄 摘要 II Abstract III 致謝 IV 總目錄 V 第一章 前言 1 1-1. 研究背景 1 1-2. 研究目的 3 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1. 多環芳香烴化物 4 2-1-1. 物化特性 4 2-1-2. 形成機制 5 2-2. PAHs之健康危害 7 2-3. 石油焦作業與勞工PAHs暴露 10 2-3-1. 石油焦的成分、特性及其應用 10 2-3-2. 石油焦工業製程介紹 11 2-3-3. 石油焦作業勞工內容介紹 13 第三章 研究設計及方法 17 3-1. 研究架構 17 3-2. 採樣方法與設備 19 3-2-1. 勞工個人呼吸道暴露採樣 19 3-2-2. 皮膚貼試採樣 20 3-2-3. 石油焦勞工尿液之收集 21 3-3. 樣本分析方法 22 3-3-1. PAHs之分析方法 22 3-3-2. 尿液中1-hydroxypyrene之分析方法 23 3-4. 資料處理 26 3-4-1. 石油焦組成含量特徵 26 3-4-2. 勞工個人呼吸道PAHs之暴露 26 3-4-3. 健康風險評估 27 3-4-4. 環境偵測值與生物偵測值之相關性 31 3-4-5. 尿中1-OHP的生物半衰期 32 第四章 研究品質控制 34 4-1. PAHs的空氣採樣及分析之品質控制 34 4-1-1. 採樣器 34 4-1-2. 實驗材料與溶劑空白值 34 4-1-3. 現場採樣之空白值 34 4-1-4. 分析儀器之滯留時窗 34 4-1-5. 標準品檢量線之建立 35 4-1-6. 標準品回收率之準確度與精密度 35 4-1-7. 再現性試驗（Reproducibility Test） 35 4-1-8. 方法偵測極限之測定 35 4-2. 尿液中1-hydroxypyrene分析之品質管制 36 4-2-1. 尿液保存之方法 37 4-2-2. 標準品檢量線之建立 37 4-2-3. 尿液樣本中肌酐酸之校正 37 4-2-4. 標準品之回收率 37 4-2-5. 方法偵測極限之測定 38 第五章 結果與討論 50 5-1. 石油焦組成含量特徵 50 5-2. 石油焦作業勞工個人PAHs暴露特徵 50 5-2-1. 勞工個人呼吸道PAHs之暴露情形 50 5-2-2. 勞工個人皮膚PAHs之暴露情形 52 5-3. 石油焦作業勞工健康風險評估 54 5-3-1. 致肺癌之健康風險 54 5-3-2. 致皮膚癌之健康風險 55 5-4. 石油焦作業勞工環境暴露與生物偵測結果之關係 56 5-4-1. 尿中1-hydroxypyrene生物偵測適合性之評估 56 5-4-2. 作業環境測定值與生物偵測值之相關性 56 5-4-3. 預測模式之效用 58 5-4-4. 石油焦勞工尿中1-hydroxypyrene的濃度 59 5-4-5. 石油焦勞工尿中1-hydroxypyrene的半衰期 59 5-4-6. 半衰期推估模式 60 第六章 結論與建議 87 6-1. 結論 87 6-2. 建議 88 第七章 參考文獻 89

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