機車防禦騎乘是一種保護自己及他人安全的概念，近年來國內與騎乘機車相關的事故數與死傷數始終居高不下的背景下，為減少機車相關之事故數及死傷數，政府不斷宣導防禦駕駛的重要性，但卻未見明顯成效而且死傷數還持續攀升。本研究基於既有文獻研究結果，依據文獻理論模式並建構一套研究模型，針對機車騎士的風險騎乘習慣、安全態度、騎乘風險、騎乘情緒，與防禦騎乘等五大構面進行研究，藉由本次研究結果提供政府及相關機構作為教育民眾防禦騎乘上的參考依據，針對民眾未採取防禦騎乘之因果關係，進行重點強化與彌補其不足。
這項研究中的實證數據是透過線上問卷，將其藉由親友同事發放給周遭的親朋好友或社群媒體，以滾雪球抽樣給正在使用機車之民眾進行填寫，共回收390份完整的有效問卷。對蒐集到的資料進行描述性統計、探索性因素分析、信度分析、驗證性因素分析、結構方程模式建模，進行資料分析及變異數分析以檢驗各構面間的因果關係與驗證本研究所設定之假設。在結構方程模型的結果中顯示：（1）風險騎乘習慣對防禦騎乘有負向影響；（2）安全態度對防禦騎乘有正向影響；（3）騎乘風險對安全態度有正向影響；（4）騎乘風險對風險騎乘習慣有負向影響；（5）騎乘情緒對安全態度有正向影響；（6）騎乘情緒對騎乘風險有正向影響；最後，研究結果指出，防禦騎乘確實直接或間接地受到風險騎乘習慣、安全態度、騎乘風險、騎乘情緒等因素之影響，並決定了機車騎士是否採取防禦騎乘行為。另外，在變異數分析方面本研究結果指出，騎士本身有發生過相關交通事故的經驗或騎士有子女的情況下，對防禦騎乘行為有顯著性。

Motorcyclists’ defensive riding is a concept that refers to protecting themselves and other road users. In order to reduce motorcycle-related deaths and injuries, the government has continued to promote the importance of defensive riding. Based on a literature review, this study builds a research model with five constructs—motorcycle riders’ risky riding habits, safety attitudes, riding risks, riding emotions, and defensive riding—in attempting to understand why motorcyclists do not ride defensively.
The data used in the analysis were collected via snowball sampling. Respondents who used motorcycles were requested to fill in an online questionnaire, and 390 valid questionnaires were received. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were sequentially conducted using the collected data; then structural equation modeling was used to examine the causal relationships among the constructs. The results indicate that: (1) risky riding habits have a negative impact on defensive riding; (2) safety attitude has a positive impact on defensive riding; (3) riding risk has a positive impact on safety attitudes; (4) riding risk has a negative impact on risky riding habits; (5) riding emotion has a positive impact on safety attitude; (6) riding emotion has a positive impact on riding risk. Hence, it is found that internal factors of risky riding habits, safety attitudes, riding risks, and riding emotions directly and indirectly determine whether motorcycle riders adopt defensive riding behaviors. Moreover, analysis of variance results reveal that defensive riding is significantly higher among riders with experience of traffic accidents, or who have children.

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