食物生產的過程主要包含農業以及漁業生產，氣候變遷所帶來的負面影響將衝擊農業以及漁業的產量，間接導致食物的產量也可能隨之減少。食物議題也是聯合國非常關注的議題之一，在經濟發達的地方存在較嚴重的食物浪費問題，然而在經濟相對落後的國家卻長年存在飢餓問題。歐洲地區每年約浪費8,800萬噸的食物，為全球食物浪費最嚴重的地區之一。
本研究將使用二階段動態非意欲產出資料包絡分析(Two-Stage Undesirable Dynamic DEA)，探討歐洲地區25個國家2010年到2018年，食物生產以及食物消費兩個階段的效率。第一階段主要研究食物生產效率，而第二階段則研究食物消費效率。本研究第一階段重於生產整體效率以及溫室氣體排放效率，第二階段則為本研究的重點部分，包含食物消費階段的整體效率、食物進口效率、食物消費效率以及食物廢棄量效率。
第一階段的結果得出，歐洲地區國家食物生產階段普遍具有效率，且優於食物消費效率。歐洲地區溫室氣體排放也較有效率，但其中賽普勒斯及愛爾蘭效率表現較差，仍有較多的進步空間。溫室氣體排放效率有逐漸上升的趨勢，顯示歐洲地區國家有加強控制食物生產時溫室體的排放。
第二階段的結果得出，食物消費階段較缺乏效率，大部分的國家在食物消費以及食物廢棄效率表現較差，歐洲地區普遍存在食物消費過量以及食物丟棄過多的問題。但以上的效率在近幾年也有逐漸上升的趨勢。研究結果也顯示，食物進口以及食物消費效率都和食物廢棄效率呈現正相關，這也代表有關單位可以藉由控制食物進口以及食物消費的數量，進一步使得食物浪費的問題改善。

The process of food production mainly includes agricultural and fishery production. The negative impact of climate change will impact the output of agriculture and fishery, and indirectly lead to the reduction of food production. The food issue is also one of the topics of great concern to the United Nations.

This study will use Two-Stage Undesirable Dynamic DEA to explore the efficiency of food production and food consumption in 25 countries in the European region from 2010 to 2018. The first stage mainly studies the efficiency of food production, while the second stage studies the efficiency of food consumption.

The results showed that the food production phase is generally more efficient than food consumption phase. Greenhouse gas emissions are also efficient, but Cyprus and Ireland are less efficient, and there is still more room for improvement. The greenhouse gas emission efficiency has a gradual upward trend, indicating that countries in the European region have strengthened the control of greenhouse gas emissions during food production.

The results of the second stage show that the food consumption is inefficient. Most countries have poor performance in food consumption and food waste. However, the above efficiency has also gradually increased in recent years. The research results also show that food import and food consumption efficiency are positively correlated with food waste efficiency, which means that relevant units can further improve the problem of food waste by controlling the quantity of food import and food consumption.

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