| 研究生: |
方梓庭 Fang, Tzu-Ting |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
利用環形剪力試驗探討草嶺卓蘭層砂頁岩互層受震力學特性之研究 Investigate the Seismic Mechanical Characteristic of the Choulan Sandstone-Shale Interface at Tsaoling Using Ring Shear Tests |
| 指導教授: |
吳建宏
Wu, Jian-Hung |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2011 |
| 畢業學年度: | 99 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 162 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 集集地震 、草嶺地滑 、環形剪力試驗 、砂頁岩互層 、重模 、殘餘剪力強度 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Chi-Chi earthquake, Tsaoling to slip, Ring shear test, Sand-shale, Remold, Residual shear strength |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:202 下載:5 |
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本研究區域主要位於雲林縣古坑鄉境內之草嶺山,為一大型順向坡主要為卓蘭層所構成,1999年所發生的地震規模7.3集集大地震作用下產生大規模地滑,是世界上地震引發大規模的地滑活動之一。
卓蘭層為砂岩、頁岩及其互層所組成,於草嶺的現地調查中發現集集地震引發草嶺地滑的滑動面大部分位於卓蘭層砂頁岩互層中,由於頁岩試體不易鑽製,故本實驗採取重模(remold)頁岩方式進行。Chigira et al. (2003)指出1999年集集地震前草嶺有滑動過,故試驗假設該滑動面在集集地震前已經處於殘餘強度,故使用平整剪動面求取砂頁岩互層界面的殘餘強度。
本實驗將製作環形頁岩試體,將結合環形砂岩,模擬砂頁岩互層。地震前在滑動體現地量測的地下位不明,亦無法確定是否有地下水存在,所以將試驗分為氣乾與浸水24小時狀態,以模擬現地滑動面在氣乾與浸水狀態的受剪行為,再將試體並於不同正向應力控制下,探討於集集地震作用下草嶺滑動面之動態力學性質與破壞機制。
由環剪試驗結果的得知,當氣乾狀態時,砂頁岩互層之殘餘抗剪角為33.4。;在浸水狀態下,殘餘抗剪角僅剩下24.0。由此可知,在現地的情況中,試體含水量亦是影響殘餘剪力強度之原因。結果推測砂頁岩互層於氣乾狀態下滑動面應產生於砂岩與頁岩的界面上,浸水24小時之後,剪動過後靜態試驗摩擦角取決於砂岩材料,判斷草嶺地滑於受水影響後亦可能由砂頁岩互層中,砂岩內部產生地滑破壞。由動態環形剪力試驗應力路徑圖分析結果可得知,卓蘭層砂頁岩互層氣乾與浸水狀態之靜態試驗破壞準則適用於動態試驗的力學行為,得知氣乾與浸水狀態靜、動態破壞準則一致。其中浸水動態相較於氣乾動態環剪試驗剪位移量增加許多,可見浸水狀態下的動態試驗發現,地震力與水的雙重影響亦然導致邊坡長距離之滑動。
The study areas are mainly located in Taoling of Yunlin County,It’s large forward slope and Formation is mainly composed of Cholan formation. Chi-Chi earthquake magnitude 7.3 earthquake in 1999. It’s world's earthquake triggered massive land slide one of all.
Cholan Formation of sandstone, shale、sandstone and shale formed, Tsaoling sliding surface Cholan Formation sandstone and shale in between, And shale specimens is not easy to drill, so experiment to re-mold the shale to test. Literature indicates that Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999 Tsaoing has been sliding, so the test assuming the sliding surface in theresidual strength before the Chi-Chi earthquake. So use smooth cutting action and therefore to strike a surface of sand-shale interface residual strength.
The experimental specimens manufactured ring shale, simulation sandstone and shale interbedded. So the test is divided into air-dry and soaked for 24 hours the state, to simulate the sliding surface is air-dried and soaked in the state of the shear behavior, and positive specimens and in different stress control, the earthquake caused Tsaoing to discuss. The sliding surface of the dynamic mechanical properties and failure mechanisms.
By the ring shear test results that when the air-dry state, the residual sand shale shear angle of 33.4 degrees; Soaked in water 24 hours state,residual shear leaving only angle of 24.0. It can be seen, on-site case water content will affect the residual shear strength. Guess sand shale in air-dry state of the sliding surface should result in the sandstone and shale interface, Soaked in water 24 hours after,Static test friction angle depends on the sandstone material. Analysis of the sandstone and shale interbedded being affected by water, mainly sandstone internally generated damage in the Tsaoing. The results can be learned by the dynamic ring shear test stress path diagram, Cholan Formation of sand and shale gas flooded the state's dry static tests, failure criteria for the mechanical behavior of the dynamic test. Air-dry state and static and dynamic immersion failure criterion is the same. Flooded state of the dynamic tests show, the impact of the earthquake and water led to the slope of the double impact of the sliding distance.
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