本研究整合2000 ~ 2003年長期的實驗數據來評估三段式生物程序組合降解聚丙烯晴(Polyacrylonitrile，PAN)廢水之程序功能， PAN製程廢水的廢水特性為具有高濃度的有機氮(TKN/COD=0.15 ~ 0.26)，且富含硫酸鹽(SO42- = 882 ~ 1762 mg/L)和缺乏足夠生物作用的磷源(TP/COD=3.3×10-5)，因此PAN廢水為一難處理之工業廢水。為了加強PAN廢水中有機氮的生物可分解性，本研究以高溫厭氧脫氨/中溫無氧脫硝/中溫好氧硝化三段式流體化床組合程序來處理PAN人造纖維製程廢水。
在三段式生物程序中，PAN廢水中難分解的有機氮和長鏈大分子碳化合物能夠被有效的降解在第一段高溫厭氧脫氨反應槽，而在第二段脫硝槽中微生物能利用有機碳當作電子接受者，最後進入硝化槽，硝化污泥能夠氧化殘餘的有機氮，且能將氨氮完全轉化為硝酸鹽。
由一系列的生物活性試驗來評估厭氧微生物之潛能，實驗結果顯示額外添加氫氣和醣類在厭氧的批次試驗中能夠加強PAN廢水生物可分解性的機制。而當PAN廢水經由高溫厭氧生物程序處理後能夠降低對脫硝菌之抑制性。在第三段氨氮氧化過程中，中間產物亞硝酸鹽為主要的抑制因子。
程序控制方面，在高溫厭氧槽中添加蔗糖能夠加強PAN廢水中有機氮有效地裂解，另一方面，硫酸鹽體積負荷的提升能夠加強PAN廢水中有機碳的裂解。自硝化槽迴流的硝酸鹽能夠促進脫硝槽中COD的降解，而在高溫厭氧/無氧脫硝兩段式生物程序操作下，即使在高體積負荷(2.25 kg COD/m3-day)下，亦能有效地降解PAN廢水。本研究於高溫厭氧反應槽中強化硫酸還原菌和於脫硝槽中強化硝酸鹽，能夠提升三段式生物程序的總去除效率。
電子顯微鏡方面，於高溫厭氧反應槽中在高負荷下以絲狀菌為主要的優勢菌，在低負荷下則以桿菌為主。於脫硝槽中是以短桿菌和彎曲桿菌為優勢菌，而於硝化槽中則是以球菌為主要的優勢菌。
在微生物社會和多樣性方面，於高溫厭氧反應槽中，以選殖定序後的TF57和TF48為降解PAN廢水的優勢菌，而TF57和TF48是屬於Thermotogales的硫酸還原菌。在脫硝生物程序中，根據選殖和定序的結果，有79 %和5 %分別為脫硝菌和厭氧菌，其中以Acidovorax為主要的優勢菌群；根據T-RFLP的結果發現原本存在懸浮相中的兩個優勢菌群c和h逐漸轉移至活性碳上的生物膜，而i在整個試程操作下一直為懸浮相的優勢菌群。最後，根據DGGE的結果顯示於脫硝槽中可觀察到厭氧菌，且於硝化槽中亦能觀察到厭氧菌和脫硝菌。因此，在三段式流體化床的環境中可觀察到微生物的動態變化和微生物族群的鑑定。

This research integrated the long-term experimental data from 2000 to 2003 to evaluate the process performance of three-stage fluidized-bed bioreactors treating PAN wastewater with high-strength nitrogenous compounds. Characterization of the PAN manufacturing wastewater showed high concentration of organic nitrogen with high TKN/COD ratios up to 0.15-0.26 that indicated the refractory biodegradability for the PAN wastewater. In order to enhance biodegradation of organic nitrogenous compounds in PAN wastewater, a series of three-stage process with thermophilic anaerobic / anoxic denitrification / aerobic nitrification fluidized beds was employed.
In the three-stage process, organic nitrogenous compounds were effectively degraded in first stage of thermophilic anaerobic fluidized bed, then the cleaved organic carbon was utilized as the electron donor in the denitrifying fluidized bed. In the third stage, nitrifying sludge could oxide the residual organic nitrogen and ammonia to be nitrate completely in the aerobic fluidized bed.
A series of bioactivity studies was conducted to investigate the anaerobic microbial potential, the experimental result showed that addition of hydrogen and sugar in anaerobic batch tests enhanced biodegradation mechanism of PAN wastewater. The inhibition of denitrifying bacteria decreased when PAN wastewater was pretreated with the anaerobic process. Finally, the intermediate product of nitrite was the major inhibitor in the third stage of ammonium oxidation.
For process control, sucrose adding could enhance the Org-N degradation of PAN wastewater effectively, on the other hand, volumetric load raising of sulfate influent could also enhance the Org-C degradation of PAN wastewater in the thermophilic anaerobic reactor. The recirculated nitrate concentration could promote COD degradation in the denitrifying bioreactor. These two-stage processes were able to effectively treat PAN wastewater even at high volumetric loading rate (2.25 kg COD/m3/day). In this study, the enriched sulfate reducing bacteria in the anaerobic reactor and the enriched nitrate reducing bacteria in the denitrifying reactor could promote the overall removal efficiency with the three stage process.
From SEM observation, filamentous microorganisms were observed dominant in the anaerobic reactor at high volumetric loading, while rod bacteria were dominant at low volumetric loading. Short rod bacteria and spirillum were dominant in the denitrifying reactor. While cocci were the dominant bacteria in the nitrifying reactor.
For Microbial community and diversity, cloning strains of TF57 and TF48 were sorted to Thermotogales, sulfate reducing bacteria, that were dominant in the anaerobic reactor. Based on the cloning and sequencing result for the denitrification reactor, 79 % and 5 % of the bacterial domanin were denitrifiers and anaerobic bacteria, respectively. Wherein, Acidovorax was the dom inant denitrifier in the denitrification reactor. Based on T-RFLP result, two dominant species existed in the suspended sludge, c and h, were migrated to the biofilm attached on GAC, but species i was dominant in the suspended sludge. Finally, DGGE results showed that biodiverisy of anaerobic bacteria were observed in the denitrification reactor, and both anaerobic bacteria and denitrifiers were also observed as the suspended microbes in the nitrification reactor. The microbial population dynamics were observed and identified in the three stages of fluidized-bed ecosystem.

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