| 研究生: |
洪品富 Hung, Pin-Fu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
釩摻雜對二硒化鎢電傳輸特性之層數相依性研究 Layer-Dependent Electrical Transport in V-Doped WSe2 |
| 指導教授: |
王書瑋
Wang, Shu-Wei |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
電機資訊學院 - 微電子工程研究所 Institute of Microelectronics |
| 論文出版年: | 2025 |
| 畢業學年度: | 113 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 92 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 二硒化鎢 、過渡金屬硫化物 、釩摻雜二硒化鎢 、二維材料 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | WSe2, TMD, V-doped WSe2, 2D material |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:38 下載:16 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究旨在探討於摻雜釩(Vanadium, V)濃度下,不同層數之二硒化鎢(Tungsten Diselenide, WSe2)樣品的電傳輸特性。隨著二維材料在奈米電子領域的應用日益廣泛,摻雜技術已成為調控其能帶結構與載子濃度、進而提升元件效能的重要手段。
本實驗研究採用化學氣相傳輸法(Chemical Vapor Transport, CVT)合成釩摻雜之 WSe2 塊材晶體,透過此方法可有效將釩原子引入 WSe2 晶格中,形成具摻雜不均勻性的 V-WSe2 單晶。經機械剝離後,獲得包含單層、雙層與三層等少數層數的薄片。
利用乾式轉移技術(dry pick-up and transfer)將剝離後的薄片精確轉移至預先設有對位標記之矽基板上,以利後續電子束微影製程的定位。樣品轉移完成後,透過能量散射 X 光譜儀(Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, EDS)分析其元素組成,並搭配原子力顯微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope, AFM)進行非破壞式檢測,以確認樣品的厚度與表面品質,進而建立其物理結構與電性之間的對應關係。
隨後進行半導體製程以製作霍爾棒(Hall bar)結構,包含光阻旋塗、曝光、顯影、金屬蒸鍍與舉離等標準製程步驟,並於樣品上六個端點蒸鍍金屬電極以確保良好接觸。完成之元件透過低維材料電性量測平台進行載子遷移率、霍爾效應與 I-V 特性分析,觀察摻雜後樣品在不同層數條件下其電傳輸行為的變化。
This study investigates the electrical transport properties of vanadium-doped tungsten diselenide (WSe2) with varying layer numbers under a fixed doping concentration. As two-dimensional materials gain prominence in nanoelectronics, doping techniques serve as a key strategy to tune their band structures and carrier concentrations. V-doped WSe2 single crystals were synthesized via chemical vapor transport (CVT) and exfoliated to obtain mono-, bi-, and trilayer flakes. These flakes were transferred onto silicon substrates using a dry pick-up method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize flake thickness and elemental composition. Hall bar devices were fabricated using standard lithographic and metallization processes. Electrical measurements, including two- and four-point probe analyses, were performed to extract carrier mobility, carrier concentrations, and I-V characteristics. The results highlight a layer-dependent transport behavior, with bilayer samples exhibiting improved gate control and higher on-state current compared to trilayers. This work provides insights into the interplay between doping and thickness in 2D materials, offering guidance for future electronic device design.
[1] Q. H. Wang, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, A. Kis, J. N. Coleman, and M. S. Strano, "Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides," Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 699–712, 2012.
[2] P. C. Hohenberg, "Existence of long-range order in one and two dimensions," Physical Review, vol. 158, no. 2, pp. 383–386, 1967.
[3] Nature Physics Editors, "Twenty years of 2D materials," Nature Physics, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 1, 2024.
[4] K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, "Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films," Science, vol. 306, no. 5696, pp. 666–669, 2004.
[5] A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, "The rise of graphene," Nature Materials, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 183–191, 2007.
[6] J. Kang, S. Tongay, J. Zhou, J. Li, and J. Wu, "Band offsets and heterostructures of two-dimensional semiconductors," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 102, no. 1, p. 012111, 2013.
[7] S. Ghosh, M. U. K. Sadaf, A. R. Graves, Y. Zheng, A. Pannone, S. Ray, C.-Y. Cheng, J. Guevara, J. M. Redwing, and S. Das, "High-performance p-type bilayer WSe₂ field effect transistors by nitric oxide doping," Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 5649, 2025.
[8] F. Withers, O. Del Pozo-Zamudio, S. Schwarz, S. Dufferwiel, P. M. Walker, T. Godde, A. P. Rooney, A. Gholinia, C. R. Woods, P. Blake, S. J. Haigh, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, I. L. Aleiner, A. K. Geim, V. I. Fal’ko, A. I. Tartakovskii, and K. S. Novoselov, "WSe₂ light-emitting tunneling transistors with enhanced brightness at room temperature," Nano Letters, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 8223–8228, 2015.
[9] X. Xu, W. Yao, D. Xiao, and T. F. Heinz, "Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides," Nature Physics, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 343–350, 2014.
[10] H. Fang, M. Tosun, G. Seol, T. C. Chang, K. Takei, J. Guo, and A. Javey, "Degenerate n-doping of few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides by potassium," Nano Letters, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1991–1995, 2013.
[11] F. Urban, N. Martucciello, L. Peters, N. McEvoy, and A. Di Bartolomeo, "Environmental effects on the electrical characteristics of back-gated WSe₂ field-effect transistors," Nanomaterials, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 901, 2018.
[12] H. Zhou, C. Wang, J. C. Shaw, R. Cheng, Y. Chen, X. Huang, Y. Liu, N. O. Weiss, Z. Lin, Y. Huang, and X. Duan, "Large area growth and electrical properties of p-type WSe₂ atomic layers," Nano Letters, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 709–713, 2015.
[13] S. J. Yun, D. L. Duong, D. M. Ha, K. Singh, T. L. Phan, W. Choi, Y. M. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, "Ferromagnetic order at room temperature in monolayer WSe₂ semiconductor via vanadium dopant," Advanced Science, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1903076, 2020.
[14] D. L. Duong, S. J. Yun, Y. Kim, S.-G. Kim, and Y. H. Lee, "Long-range ferromagnetic ordering in vanadium-doped WSe₂," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 115, no. 24, p. 242406, 2019.
[15] E. H. Hall, "On a New Action of the Magnet on Electric Currents," American Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 287–292, 1879.
[16] N. S. Nair, S. Wirth, S. Friedemann, F. Steglich, Q. Si, and A. J. Schofield, "Hall effect in heavy fermion metals," Advances in Physics, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 583–664, 2012.
[17] J.-S. Yoon, J. Jeong, S. Lee, and R.-H. Baek, "Multi-Vth strategies of 7-nm node nanosheet FETs with limited nanosheet spacing," IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society, vol. 6, pp. 861–865, 2018.
[18] M. Balasubrahmanyam, A. Pandey, and E. Goel, "Nanosheet field effect transistors: A comprehensive review," ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 013005, 2025.
[19] D. Lee, J. Y. An, C.-H. Lee, K. W. Bong, and J. Kim, "Normally off WSe₂ nanosheet-based field-effect transistors with self-aligned contact doping," ACS Applied Nano Materials, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 18642–18648, 2022.
[20] P. R. Pudasaini, A. Oyedele, C. Zhang, M. G. Stanford, N. Cross, A. T. Wong, A. N. Hoffman, K. Xiao, G. Duscher, D. G. Mandrus, T. Z. Ward, and P. D. Rack, "High performance multilayer WSe₂ field effect transistors with carrier type control," Nano Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 722–730, 2018.
[21] N. R. Pradhan, D. Rhodes, S. Memaran, J. M. Poumirol, D. Smirnov, S. Talapatra, S. Feng, N. Perea-López, A. L. Elias, M. Terrones, P. M. Ajayan, and L. Balicas, "Hall and field-effect mobilities in few layered p-WSe₂ field-effect transistors," Scientific Reports, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 8979, 2015.
[22] R. S. B. Mitta, M. S. Choi, A. Nipane, F. Ali, C. Kim, J. T. Teherani, J. Hone, and W. J. Yoo, "Electrical characterization of 2D materials-based field-effect transistors," 2D Materials, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 012002, 2021.
[23] X. P. Le, A. Venkatesan, D. Daw, T. A. Nguyen, M. Baithi, H. Bouzid, and T. D. Nguyen, "High-performance p-type quasi-ohmic of WSe₂ transistors using vanadium-doped WSe₂ as intermediate layer contact," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 16, no. 39, pp. 52645–52652, 2024.
[24] Y.-L. Tsai, "Crystal growth and characterization of VxW1-xSe₂ by hydrothermal synthesis and chemical vapor transport method," M.S. thesis, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2023.
[25] D. G. Purdie, N. M. Pugno, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, A. C. Ferrari, and A. Lombardo, "Cleaning interfaces in layered materials heterostructures," Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 5387, 2018.
[26] M. S. Diware, S. P. Ganorkar, K. Park, W. Chegal, H. M. Cho, Y. J. Cho, Y. D. Kim, and H. Kim, "Dielectric function, critical points, and Rydberg exciton series of WSe₂ monolayer," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 30, no. 23, p. 235701, 2018.
[27] S. Dhar, H. Gossner, and M. Schröter, "Impact ionization and hot carrier effects in deep submicron MOSFETs," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2830–2838, 2007.
[28] M. J. Kirton, "Self-heating effects in silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1143–1148, 2003.