人是組織最重要的資產，但人為疏失卻是組織最頭痛的問題。為了降低人為疏失發生的機率，航空學界與業界積極發展飛航人員資源管理之訓練課程，已有相當不錯的成效。在飛安事故調查與飛航專業人員訓練方面，國際民航組織（ICAO）運用SHELL模式來加以建構與討論，希冀有效促進飛航安全。
在相關文獻回顧中，發現大部分的研究主要探討SHELL模式各個構面下的重要因素，卻很少以實例來驗證構面之間的影響關係。故本研究主要針對國內飛航管制員，探討SHELL模式與HELLOS模式構面間之線性關係，利用問卷調查飛航管制員，先以因素分析萃取各構面之重要因素，再用線性結構關係模式驗證構面間之因果關係。
由實證結果可以發現，國內管制員平時會注意身體的健康狀況，對自己的決策能力有信心，團隊合作的情形亦良好。然管制員認為目前飛航管制人力與緊急應變訓練不足，對排班型態、組織層級、薪資報酬與工作環境滿意度不高，而且覺得現行劃分的空域結構與備援系統應該加以調整和改善。
在模式驗證部分，發現管制員的能力對管制員與其他人員之關係有顯著的正向影響，還有管制員與組織構面對管制員與軟體、硬體、工作環境之關係有顯著的正向影響。由此可知，組織在飛航管制扮演相當重要的角色，主管機關應該暢通溝通管道，並發展優良的安全文化與完善的訓練課程，來加強管制員與工作環境、硬體和軟體之關係，以降低人為疏失發生之機率。

People are the most important asset of the organization. However, the most troublesome problem is human error. To prevent human error, the International Civil Aviation Organization takes the use of the SHELL model as a framework for analyzing human factors during aviation accident investigations and resource management training.
This research uses data collected from air traffic controllers to perform factor analysis. The important factors are extracted from six dimensions of the HELLOS model. The SHELL and HELLOS models are then studied by structural equation modeling.
The empirical findings show that the controllers would pay attention to their health. They have good teamwork and confidence in decision-making. But, they are of the opinion that they don’t have enough human resources and training, and don’t satisfy with the work shift, structure, and pay. Then, they think the airspace structure and the backup system should be adjusted and improved.
In the part of the model validation, we can find that the liveware has a significant impact on the liveware－liveware interface, and the liveware－organization interface has significant impacts on the liveware－hardware, liveware－software and liveware－environment interfaces as well. Therefore, the organization plays an important role to reduce human error by communication, safety culture and training to improve the relationship of air traffic controllers with the hardware, software and environment.

交通部民用航空局飛航標準組，國際民用航空組織人為因素訓練手冊（ICAO Doc. 9683-an/950），1998。
吳萬益、林清河，企業研究方法，華泰，台北，2000。
陳順宇，多變量分析，華泰，台北，2004。
曾秀亞，維修資源管理(MRM)訓練成效評估之研究，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所碩士論文，2004。
張有恆，航空業經營與管理，華泰，台北，2003。
張有恆，飛航安全管理，華泰，台北，2005。
鍾政淋，國內飛航管制人員風險因素模式探討，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所碩士論文，2005。
EATCHIP Human Resource Team, Guidelines for developing and implementing Team Resource Management (HUM.ET1 ST10-GUI-01), Edition 1.0. Brussels: EUROCONTROL, 1996.
EATCHIP Human Resource Team, Team Resource Management test and evaluation (HUM.ET1.ST10.2000-REP-01), Edition 1.0. Brussels: EUROCONTROL, 1999.
Hawkins, F.H., Human factors in flight, 2nd Edition, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1993.
Hayward, B.J., & Lowe, A.R., Applied aviation psychlogy, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 1996.
Helmreich, R.L. & Merritt, A.C., Culture at work in aviation and medicine, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.
Hopkin, V.D., Human factors in air traffic control, London: Taylor & Francis, 1995.
Isaac, A.R., & Ruitenburg, B., Air Traffic Control: Human performance factors, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 1999.
Reason, J., Managing the risks of organizational accident, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 1997.
Wiegmann, D.A. & Shappell, S.A., A human error approach to aviation accident analysis: The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, YT: Ashgate Press, 2003.
Woldring, M., Team resource management in European Air Traffic Control, Air & Space Europe, 1(1), 81-84, 1999.