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研究生：	邱逸晨 Ciou, YiChen,
論文名稱：	應用相變化材料於鋰電池模組之自然對流熱傳分析 Analysis on Convection Heat Transfer of Lithium-ion Battery Module Applying Phase Change Material
指導教授：	吳鴻文 Wu, Horng-Wen
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 系統及船舶機電工程學系 Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年：	2016
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	94
中文關鍵詞：	相變材料、散熱鰭片、電池間距、鋰離子電池、熱傳
外文關鍵詞：	Phase change material, fin array, inter-cell distance, Li-ion battery, Heat transfer
相關次數：	點閱：94 下載：4
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本文探討具相變化材料的鋰電池模組的暫態三維自然對流，利用有限體積法(FVM) 來離散流體體積(VOF) 之Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程並化為代數方程組。運用解壓力耦合方程的半隱式方法(SIMPLE, Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equation) 來解該代數方程組迭代至收斂，獲得流場及溫度場。此模擬將電池模型置於地面上，且放置在自然環境中。九顆鋰電池模組下探討相同放電率 (2 C) 、不同封裝外殼內材料 (空氣和相變材) 和不同電池間的距離，於自然對流且考慮熱輻射情況下，模擬整體溫度場與流場分佈。本文也討論在鋰電池模組的加入極頭鋁製散熱鰭片的效果。
研究結果顯示:封裝外殼內的空氣以相變材取代後具有更好的傳熱性能。相變材於鋰電池模組的使用能使最高溫度大約降14.2 K。此外，當相變材開始融化時，相變材可以使電池模組的最高溫度維持在大約321 K。加裝鋁製散熱鰭片能有較好的散熱效果。鋁製鰭片搭配相變化材料能讓鋰電池模組獲得最好的對流熱傳效果。與鋁製鰭片搭配空氣的鋰電池模組相比，鋁製鰭片配合相變材的使用可有效低整體溫度約15.2 K。

This thesis investigates transient three-dimensional heat transfer Lithium-ion battery module with phase change material (PCM) in natural convection. The Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation for Volume of Fluid (VOF) are discretized by the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and then are constructed as a system of algebraic equations. It could be solved by semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equation (SIMPLE). The solutions are iterated to converge within each step to obtain the temperature and flow field.
This simulation module places the battery on the ground and put it in the natural environment. The flow characteristic and temperature distribution in natural convection are analyzed for nine-cell batteries case, at constant discharge rates (2 C), with different kinds of materials placed inside in the package (the air and the PCM) under different inter-cell distances. The effect of fin array was added on top of the effects examined with the fin.
The better heat transfer performance is found by replacing the air with the PCM in the package. The highest temperature of the module using the PCM without fin array is about 14.2K lower than that of the module using the air without fin array. Furthermore, using the PCM without fin array could keep the highest temperature of the battery module at about 321 K when the melting process of the PCM occurs. The battery module using the PCM with fin array can enhance the convection heat transfer. The overall temperature could be reduced about 15.2 K when it compared with that using air without fin array.

摘要	I
Abstract	II
Acknowledgments	IV
List of Tables……………………………………………………………VI
List of Figures…..……………………………………………………...VII
Content	V
Nomenclature	XV
Chapter 1. Introduction	1
1-1 Background	1
1-2 Literature reviews	2
1-3 Objectives and motivation of the present study	7
Chapter 2. Introduction of Lithium-ion battery and phase change material	9
2-1 Introduction of Lithium-ion battery	9
2-2 Fundamental principal of Lithium-ion battery	9
2-4 Phase change materials	10
Chapter 3. Numerical method and geometry	12
3-1 Principle	12
3-2 Mathematical formulation	12
3-3 Discretization approach	15
3-3-1 Finite volume method	16
3-3-2 Discretization of the momentum equation	16
3-3-3 Discretization of the energy equation	17
3-4 SIMPLE method	17
3-4-1 Velocity-correction equation	17
3-4-2 Pressure-correction equation	19
3-4-3 Computational process	19
3-4-4 Under-relaxation factor	19
3-4-5 Convergence criterion	20
3-4-6 Numerical mesh	20
3-5 Numerical model	21
3-5-1 Geometry model	21
3-5-2 Boundary and initial conditions	22
Chapter 4. Results and discussions	24
4.1 Grid independence test	24
4.2 Time step validation	25
4.3 Accuracy of simulation	25
4.4 Heat transfer performance and flow characteristic for cases A and B under different inter-cell distances	26
4.5 Heat transfer performance and flow characteristic for cases C and D under different inter-cell distances	27
4.6 Overall comparison of heat transfer enhancement for cases A, B, C, and D	28
Chapter 5 Conclusions and future works	30
5-1 Conclusions	30
5-2 Future works	31
References	32
 
List of Tables
Table 1 Specification and properties of the Li-ion Battery [30]	36
Table 2	Properties of PCM, aluminum, and air	36
Table 3 Thermal characteristic at different inter-cell distances at 90 min	36
 
List of Figures
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of Lithium-ion battery [24]	37
Figure 2 Numerical model of cases A, B	38
Figure 3 Numerical model of case C, D	39
Figure 4 Numerical model of case A, B after simplified	40
Figure 5 Numerical model of cases C, D after Simplified	41
Figure 6 The size of inter-cell distance	42
Figure 7 The observation point of the battery module with 1 mm inter-cell distance	42
Figure 8 Grid independence test of the temperature distributions of Case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance	43
Figure 9 Grid independence test of the average Nusselt number of Case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance	43
Figure 10 Time step refinement test on the temperature distributions of Case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance	44
Figure 11 Time step refinement test on the average Nusselt number of Case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance	44
Figure 12 Temperature contour of the battery pack of reference [20] in the present study	45
Figure 13 Temperature contour of the battery pack (reference [20])	45
Figure 14 Temperature contour of case A with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 10 min on the x-z plane	46
Figure 15 Temperature contour of case A with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 20 min on the x-z plane	46
Figure 16 Temperature contour of case A with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 30 min on the x-z plane	47
Figure 17 Temperature contour of case A with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 50 min on the x-z plane	47
Figure 18 Temperature contour of case A with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min on the x-z plane	48
Figure 19 Comparison of 6 different inter-cell distances of case A	48
Figure 20 The average Nusselt number of case A under 6 different inter-cell distances	49
Figure 21 Temperature contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 20 min on the x-z plane	49
Figure 22 Temperature contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 30 min on the x-z plane	50
Figure 23 Temperature contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 50 min on the x-z plane	50
Figure 24 Temperature contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 70 min on the x-z plane	51
Figure 25 Temperature contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min on the x-z plane	51
Figure 26 Liquid fraction contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 30 min on the x-z plane	52
Figure 27 Liquid fraction contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 50 min on the x-z plane	52
Figure 28 Liquid fraction contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 70 min on the x-z plane	53
Figure 29 Liquid fraction contour of case B with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min on the x-z plane	53
Figure 30 Comparison of temperature distributions of 6 different inter-cell distances of case B	54
Figure 31 Comparison of average Nusselt number of 6 different inter-cell distances of case B	54
Figure 32 Comparison of temperature distributions of case A and case B under 1 mm inter-cell distance	55
Figure 33 Comparison of average Nusselt number of case A and case B under 1 mm inter-cell distance	55
Figure 34 Comparison of temperature distributions of 6 different inter-cell distances of case C	56
Figure 35 Comparison of temperature distributions of 6 different inter-cell distances of case D	56
	57
Figure 36 Comparison of average Nusselt number of 6 different inter-cell distances of case C	57
Figure 37 Comparison of average Nusselt number of 6 different inter-cell distances of case D	57
Figure 38 Temperature contour of case D with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 35 min on the x-z plane	58
Figure 39 Liquid fraction contour of case D with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 35 min on the x-z plane	58
Figure 40 Temperature contour of case D with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 50 min on the x-z plane	59
Figure 41 Liquid fraction contour of case D with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 50 min on the x-z plane	59
Figure 42 Temperature contour of case D with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min on the z-x plane	60
Figure 43 Liquid fraction contour of case D with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min on the x-z plane	60
Figure 44 Comparison of temperature distributions of case C and case D under 1 mm inter-cell distance	61
Figure 45 Comparison of average Nusselt number of case C and case D under 1 mm inter-cell distance	61
Figure 46 Comparison of Temperature distributions of case A, B C and D with 1 mm inter-cell distance	62
Figure 47 Comparison of temperature distributions of case A, B C and D under 2 mm inter-cell distance	62
Figure 48 Comparison of temperature distributions of case A, B C and D under 3 mm inter-cell distance	63
Figure 49 Comparison of temperature distributions of case A, B C and D under 4 mm inter-cell distance	63
Figure 50 Comparison of temperature distributions of case A, B C and D under 5 mm inter-cell distance	64
Figure 51 Comparison of temperature distributions of case A, B C and D under 6 mm inter-cell distance	64
Figure 52 Comparison of average Nusselt number of cases A, B C and D under 1 mm inter-cell distance	65
Figure 53 Comparison of average Nusselt number of cases A, B C and D under 2 mm inter-cell distance	65
Figure 54 Comparison of average Nusselt number of cases A, B C and D under 3 mm inter-cell distance	66
Figure 55 Comparison of average Nusselt number of cases A, B C and D under 4 mm inter-cell distance	66
Figure 56 Comparison of average Nusselt number of cases A, B C and D under 5 mm inter-cell distance	67
Figure 57 Comparison of average Nusselt number of cases A, B C and D under 6 mm inter-cell distance	67
Figure 58 Temperature contour of case A with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	68
Figure 59 Temperature contour of case A with 2 mm inter-cell distance at 90min	68
Figure 60 Temperature contour of case A with 3 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	69
Figure 61 Temperature contour of case A with 4 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	69
Figure 62 Temperature contour of case A with 5 mm inter-cell distance at 90min	70
Figure 63 Temperature contour of case A with 6 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	70
Figure 64 Temperature contour of case B under 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	71
Figure 65 Temperature contour of case B under 2 mm inter-cell distance at 90min	71
Figure 66 Temperature contour of case B under 3 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	72
Figure 67 Temperature contour of case B under 4 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	72
Figure 68 Temperature contour of case B under 5 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	73
Figure 69 Temperature contour of case B under 6 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	73
Figure 70 Temperature contour of case C with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	74
Figure 71 Temperature contour of case C with 2 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	74
Figure 72 Temperature contour of case C with 3 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	75
Figure 73 Temperature contour of case C with 4 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	75
Figure 74 Temperature contour of case C with 5 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	76
Figure 75 Temperature contour of case C with 6 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	76
Figure 76 Temperature contour of case D with 1 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	77
Figure 77 Temperature contour of case D with 2 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	77
Figure 78 Temperature contour of case D with 3 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	78
Figure 79 Temperature contour of case D with 4 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	78
Figure 80 Temperature contour of case D with 5 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	79
Figure 81 Temperature contour of case D with 6 mm inter-cell distance at 90 min	79
                                    

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校內：2021-09-07公開
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