在傳統的製作小腿義肢承筒過程中，義肢師手工取型與修整石膏殘肢陽模形狀時，相當依賴其個人的經驗及手藝，致使該客製化之承筒品質具有高度不確定性。為改善此手工製作承筒的缺點，本研究開發之設計小腿義肢承筒之介面系統，即嘗試協助義肢師可以比較容易製作出讓截肢患者可接受的小腿義肢承筒。利用承筒與殘肢接觸面緊密貼合的全接觸承重式(TSB, Total Surface Bearing)的概念及真空取型工具，殘肢在受壓狀態取得的陽模，使用3D掃描系統紀錄之殘肢數位點資料，經本研究之小腿義肢承筒介面系統重建殘肢模型；依據義肢師之專業知識設計小腿義肢承筒模型，將該承筒模型以快速成型機(RP, Rapid Prototyping)製作出RP承筒陽模，接著用該RP陽模包覆樹脂層完成承筒製作，即可提供小腿截肢患者試用，期待均勻地分散殘肢與承筒接觸的介面壓力。
本研究主要目標係開發專為義肢師設計使用的介面軟體，運用OpenGL以及MFC函式庫在Visual Studio 2010中製作介面軟體，並依據義肢師的需求開發功能。藉由全接觸承重式真空取模技術取得已受壓之殘肢模型，可以減少修整殘肢陽模形狀的複雜度。本介面系統提供使用者(如義肢師)即時的互動畫面(interactive dialogue)，其功能包含有輸入殘肢點資料檔案、依據濾點原理擷取適量之點資料、義肢角度校正、RP承筒陽模之偏移量、底座長度及RP承筒陽模薄殼厚度等。
本研究有2位單腳小腿截肢患者參與試驗，經本研究發展之小腿義肢承筒之介面系統設計製作之TSB承筒，組裝支架及義足加上義肢師之微調，患者穿戴試用確認安全無虞之後，進行步態實驗與壓力實驗。實驗結果顯示，使用本系統設計全接觸承重式(TSB)小腿義肢承筒時，殘肢與承筒接觸的受壓及敏感的部位，其形狀完全不需要修整，製作完成之TSB承筒具有分散壓力之特性。除了確認本系統之可行性，搭配穿戴者的主觀意見，並指出系統與承筒設計上的缺失與不足，讓後續研究者將本系統發展至更完善的階段。

Using plaster-based method to fabricate transtibial sockets, the shape modification of hand-cast stump mold has a lot of uncertainty as that entirely relies on the manul skill and experience of a prosthetist. To improve this drawback and to prevent the quality uncertainty of making sockets, this research developed a trnstibial socket design system that is to aid a prosthetist to design and fabricate a better-fit socket easily. Based on the design concept of total surface bearing (TSB) transtibial socket, a stump mold is duplicated by employing a vacuum casting tool and a digitized stump model can be obtained by an optical scanner. The proposed system then utilizes the scanned points to easily generate an RP (rapid prototyping) socket model based on a prosthetist’s basic expertise. After an RP socket mold has been manufactured, it is then used as positive mold to fabricate laminated resin socket. Assembled with a shank and prosthetic foot, a set of prosthesis is then ready to be aligned and tested.
The interface system used OpenGL and MFC in visual studio 2010 to develop a prototype system that can meet the requirements of a prosthetist who is to fabricate transtibial sockets. During the process of designing socket shape, there are several interface dialogues that allow a user, specifically a prosthetist, easily to enter the characteristics of a transtibial socket. These include selecting the number of layers and the number of points on each layer for extracting required number of scanned points of a stump mold under pressure by filtering functions; the A/P/ (anterior/posterior) and M/L (medial/lateral) angles of the alignment of a prosthesis, the length of extension base, the offset and thickness of a socket model, etc.
Two unilateral amputees participated in this research to verify the applicability of the TSB Transtibial socket design system. As long as an RP socket model has been designed and manufactured by an RP machine, the TSB socket is then assembled with shank and prosthetic foot. The fitness, comfortableness with the specific stump and the safety of trial walk confirmed by a prosthetist, the experiments including pressure measurement and motion analysis are then implemented to examine the feasibility of wearing the prosthesis with TSB socket. The experimental results of two volunteer subjects showed that the interface pressures exerting on the stump of the two amputees while using TSB sockets were lower than that of using PTB (patella tendon bearing) sockets, which were manually made by well experienced prosthetists. Together with the subjective opinions, the results also verified that the TSB sockets designed by the proposed interface system without any shape modification on pressure tolerant and sensitive areas were basically accepted by the two amputees. Further study on inadequate functions and more friendly use of the system would be required to improve the adoptability by prosthetists.

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