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研究生: 鄭兆廷
Cheng, Chao-Ting
論文名稱: 應用影像實現距離與姿態量測之研究
The Study of Distance and Attitude Determination by Analyzing Image Data
指導教授: 謝成
Hsieh, Chen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 62
中文關鍵詞: 影像測距儀姿態量測影像處理姿態儀無人飛行載具
外文關鍵詞: Image Range Finder, Attitude Measurement, Image Processing, AHRS, UAV
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  • 一台無人飛行載具通常搭載姿態儀、高度計、衛星導航等感測器,這些感測器雖然能提供許多控制所要的訊息,但是並未提供起降所需的相對運動資訊。本篇論文的主要研究目標即是針對無人飛行載具研發一個相對運動感測系統。此運動感測系統使用單顆攝影機作為量測的工具,搭配上特製的目標板,利用影像處理技術及特定的演算法,計算出攝影機與目標板之間的相對運動,此相對運動感測系統可提供往後作為載具自動降落或是目標追蹤之用。

    An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) usually requires sensors, such as attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), altimeter and global positioning system (GPS) to do motion control. However, the information these sensors provide is not enough and lacks that of relative motion for auto landing. The purpose of this paper is to develop a system to determine the relative motion between the vehicle and the target by means of image processing techniques and the customized algorithm. The apparatuses of this relative motion system include one camera and a customized target.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機 1 1-3 研究目標及方法 1 1-4 文獻回顧 2 1-5 章節安排 3 第二章 系統架構 4 2-1 攝影機 4 2-2 單板電腦 6 2-3 目標板 7 2-4 影像擷取卡 8 2-5 監測系統 9 第三章 影像處理及相關文獻回顧 10 3-1 參考座標定義 11 3-1.1 攝影機座標系 11 3-1.2 影像座標系 12 3-1.3 棋盤格座標系 13 3-2 影像校正 14 3-2.1單應性關係 14 3-2.1.1 外參數矩陣 15 3-2.1.2 內參數矩陣 16 3-2.2畸變參數 18 3-2.2.1 徑向畸變 18 3-2.2.2 切向畸變 20 3-2.3 參數標定 21 3-3目標板標定 22 3-3.1 灰階影像 22 3-3.2 中值濾波 23 3-3.3 膨脹與腐蝕 24 3-3.4 Canny operator 26 3-3.5 邊界過濾 28 3-3.5.1 長度過濾 28 3-3.5.2 顏色過濾 28 3-3.5.3 形狀過濾 28 3-3.6中心點位置計算 30 第四章 演算法推導 31 4-1 參考座標定義 31 4-1.1目標板座標系 31 4-2 演算法推導 32 4-2.1單應性簡化 32 4-2.2外參數求解 34 4-2.3 旋轉矩陣與尤拉角之轉換 38 4-3提升準確度之方法 39 4-3.1 目標點位置校正 39 4-3.2 增加目標點數量 42 第五章 實驗結果與比較 44 5-1實驗項目與流程 44 5-2測試結果 45 第六章 結論與未來展望 59 參考文獻 60 自述 62

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