高催化活性的金屬鈀，雖然能藉金屬與反應物進行配位反應降低其錯合物的位能使反應更易啟動，但要達到良好的產率必須在相對嚴苛的反應條件下(高溫、高壓)進行，因此我們希望能透過調整鈀金屬的功函數影響其表面電子結構並提升催化效率，對於金屬表面電子結構的改變可以利用不同金屬本身功函數的差異，使其鍵結後讓功函數較小、位能較高金屬的電子流向功函數較高、位能較低的金屬並提升催化效率。利用計算奈米粒子的電量狀態了解尺寸越大的奈米金屬其功函數較高，希望能藉由不同尺寸金的功函數讓兩金屬之間的淨差值增加，提升彼此之間電荷交換的趨勢。本實驗提供了簡單的方法合成不同大小的金奈米粒子外圍包上相同厚度的鈀金屬，並藉由鈴木耦合反應觀察產率與金奈米粒子尺寸的關係。

It has been reported that the performance of reactions can be improved by adding the highly catalytic metal like Pd into reaction. Despite these advantages, it is still hard to achieve the proper chemical condition (temperature, pressure). To overcome the difficulties, we would like to apply a second metal changing the work function of Pd metal to modify the electronic structure. Charges will meet a new equilibrium level by redistribution. A report has shown that smaller size of nanoparticles will display lower work function value by calculating the charge state of nanoparticles. Here, we provided a simple way to synthesize different size of Au@Pd core@shell nanocubes with the same Pd shell thickness (2.5 nm) and discuss the work function changing with the size of Au cores. The results of Suzuki coupling reaction also proves the idea of our speculation.

第一章
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第二章
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9. Resource from Thermo Fisher Scientific. https://xpssimplified.com/UPS.php
第三章
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