因應2050淨零碳排目標，氨因不含碳且具成熟儲運優勢，被視為具潛力之零碳燃料；若能將工業高氨氮廢水回收之低純度氨直接再利用，亦可提升氮資源迴圈價值。然而，氨反應性低，應用於汽油混燒時仍易面臨燃燒穩定性不足、未燃氨及NOx排放增加等問題，且目前對多環芳香烴（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs）及硝基多環芳香烴（nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, NPAHs）產生與轉化行為仍缺乏系統性探討。基於氨燃料具有液態氨水與氣態氨兩種應用相態，本研究藉由液態氨水乳化燃料之燃燒改善優勢，以及氣態氨混燒之高替代率與NOx抑制潛力，評估兩者互補應用之可行性。並以火花點火式汽油發電機為平台，結合Chemkin-Pro動力學模擬，探討不同氨水乳化比例、氣態氨能量分率與空燃比條件下，氣、液態氨對燃燒效能、法規氣態污染物及非法規PAH/NPAH排放特性之影響。
結果顯示，15%氨水乳化汽油(N15)可藉由水相微爆與二次霧化機制改善油氣混合與燃燒完整性，使指示熱效率(Specific Thermal Efficiency, STE)提升12.5%，並使CO與HC排放分別降低93.2與96.6%；然而，燃料型氮導入與局部燃燒強化亦使NOx排放增加1512%，顯示其於燃燒改善與NOx控制間仍存在權衡。相較之下，氣態氨混燒雖在高氨能量分率（ammonia energy fraction, AEF；氨占總燃料能量之比）下易延遲燃燒並降低效率，但實驗及動力學分析顯示，隨AEF提高，NOx還原反應增強，排放因而下降。整體而言，液態氨水乳化燃料主要展現燃燒強化優勢，而氣態氨混燒則具高替代率與NO還原潛力，顯示兩者在燃燒改善與污染控制上具有互補協同應用之可能性。在毒性顆粒物方面，PAHs排放受燃燒狀態與碳氫前驅物供應影響。提高氨替代率能減少碳氫燃料輸入及PAHs前驅物，抑制高環數、高毒性PAHs累積；N15使PAHs降低31.8%，氨能量占比10%的氣態混燒（AEF10）降低6.02%，苯并[a]芘毒性當量（benzo[a]pyrene equivalent, BaPₑq）降低19.1-33.4%。然而，氨低反應性造成燃燒相位後移與後燃區間延長，則可能增加未完全燃燒前驅物於高溫缺氧區之停留時間，促進PAHs生成與環化成長。NPAHs結果顯示，氮基燃料添加並非直接主導NPAHs產生，其硝化轉化主要受OH自由基環境影響，NOx濃度供應為次要因子。液態氨水乳化燃料因水相反應可能形成較高OH自由基環境，進而促進PAHs活化與硝化轉化，使N15下NPAHs排放增加4570%；相較之下，氣態氨因缺乏水相效應，且燃燒相位延長不利於後段硝化轉化，因此較不易造成NPAH增加。
本研究證實液態氨水乳化燃料與氣態氨混燒分別具有燃燒強化及高替代率NOx還原優勢，兩者具互補結合以提高氨燃料替代率之潛力。此外，本研究亦發現氨混燒在燃燒條件改善與碳氫燃料輸入降低，對PAHs累積與NPAHs硝化轉化皆具抑制效益，本研究可作為未來氨燃料混燒性能、污染控制及毒性風險評估參考依據。

This study investigated liquid aqueous ammonia emulsified gasoline and gaseous ammonia gasoline co combustion in a spark ignition gasoline generator, combined with Chemkin-Pro kinetic analysis. The liquid ammonia emulsion improved fuel air mixing through micro explosion and secondary atomization, increasing thermal efficiency by 12.5% and reducing CO and HC emissions. However, fuel-bound nitrogen and enhanced local oxidation also increased NOx emissions. In contrast, gaseous ammonia enabled higher ammonia substitution, and both experiments and kinetic analysis showed that increasing ammonia fraction strengthened NHx assisted NO reduction pathways. For non regulated pollutants, optimized combustion and reduced hydrocarbon input suppressed PAHs accumulation and NPAHs nitration, decreasing total BaPeq by 19.1-33.4%. Overall, gaseous and liquid ammonia fuels showed complementary potential for improving ammonia utilization, gaseous and particulate emission control, and overall PAH/NPAH toxicity risk reduction.

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