林可黴素為林可酰胺類的一種抗生素，常以林可黴素注射液或是添加於雞、豬等動物飼料中來治療由革蘭氏陽性菌所帶來的疾病。然而因抗生素不易被動物體內吸收或是分解，可能導致林可黴素等抗生素隨動物排泄進入到環境中，並伴隨著糞便及製作有機肥料/土壤改良劑的過程中，擴大了其污染源，透過環境的傳輸及移動，間接或是直接地使環境生物或是人類產生抗藥性基因，最終可能產生超級細菌。本研究主要是藉由林可黴素的吸附行為探討其在環境中可能的傳輸機制，研究中主要以兩種高有機質土壤，分別為市售的園藝土 (OC = 46.9%)及台糖沙崙農場採集的豬糞堆肥土 (OC = 30.1%)為吸附材料，並調整環境參數如pH值及添加CaCl2做為背景離子，來探討其兩者變因對林可黴素於兩種高有機質土壤吸附行為之影響，並加以討論其背後機制及主要影響之因子。
由本實驗結果顯示，其結果與我們所預期的不同的是，我們原預期對於高有機質土壤而言，有機質含量越高其對林可黴素吸附量也會隨之提升，然而卻在兩者皆含高有機質之土壤下，其對林可黴素吸附行為卻有顯著差異，對於園藝土而言不論在調整pH值及背景離子的濃度下，園藝土的吸附量 (Kd = 29.4-8924 L/kg)皆大於豬糞堆肥土約10倍以上的吸附量 (Kd = 2.2-45.9 L/kg)，其原因可能為土壤中是否含有矽酸鹽礦物成分所導致。因此相較於有機質，矽酸鹽礦物的存在才為林可黴素吸附於土壤當中之主導因子。我們發現當矽酸鹽礦物成分越多，其吸附能力也會隨之提高。
對於園藝土而言，在無添加CaCl2作為背景離子時，其吸附趨勢會隨pH值的提升而增加，推測原因可能是因為隨著pH值的提升，園藝土溶出的溶解性有機碳也隨之增加，而導致暴露於水中的矽酸鹽礦物表面增加，最終使林可黴素吸附量提升。對於添加CaCl2作為背景離子時，因二價鈣陽離子會競爭矽酸鹽礦物表面負電位，因此在所有pH值之下都有抑制的情形，並且其抑制情形會隨pH值提升而加劇，這也呼應了隨pH值提升而增加的矽酸鹽礦物表面。
對於豬糞堆肥土而言，在無添加CaCl2作為背景離子時，其吸附趨勢也隨pH的增加而增加，但其增加幅度相較於園藝土而言，因矽酸鹽礦物的含量較少，因此造成其總體吸附量較園藝土低。而在添加CaCl2作為背景離子時，其整體吸附趨勢也是抑制的，並且其吸附趨勢在不同pH值之下均非常相近，這是由於豬糞堆肥土的矽酸鹽礦物成分含量較少且平均環境中的陽離子較高的原因，因此也可加以佐證矽酸鹽礦物成分為林可黴素吸附的主要機制。
因此總結改變pH值及背景離子對兩種高有機質土壤吸附林可黴素的影響，提高pH值會使土壤有機質溶出而暴露出更多礦物質吸附表面，導致其吸附量上升；加入氯化鈣做為背景離子時，則因為會與矽酸鹽礦物競爭吸附表面而使總體吸附量產生抑制的情形，並且其抑制的程度與pH值及矽酸鹽礦物的含量皆有正比關係。

Lincomycin is a kind of antibiotics which belongs to lincosamide groups. It is usually applied on animals through injection or food additives in the feed in order to against the diseases which arise from gram-positive bacteria. However, as antibiotics were not easily absorbed or degraded, antibiotics such as lincomycin could enter the environment through the usage or waste of their feces. Eventually, by the spread of antibiotics in the ways of direct or indirect, it may enhance the development of antibiotics-resistant gene for no matter the environmental organisms or even human beings, and result in superbug generation. This study aims to understand the transportation of lincomycin in the environment by studying their adsorption behaviors. Two high organic content soils, a commercial peat soil (OC = 46.9%) for vegetable and the composted swine manure (OC = 30.1%) collected from Taiwan sugar corporation, were chosen to study liconmycin adsorption with the influence by high organic contents. By changing the environmental factors such as pH values and background ions to study the behaviors of lincomycin on two soils and the main mechanism affecting lincomycin adsorption process.
The results showed that lincomycin did not adsorb significantly on two high organic content soils which was contrary to our expectation. It showed larger difference of adsorption between two high organic content soils. The adsorption amount of lincomycin on peat soil (Kd = 29.4-8924 L/kg) was around 10 times higher than that on composted manure (Kd = 2.2-45.9 L/kg) with various pH values and absence/presence of CaCl2. The reason could due to the content of silica minerals. The more silica minerals the soil contains, the stronger adsorption it exhibits.
The reason for lincomycin adsorption on peat soil increased with increasing pH in the absence of CaCl2 was that DOC dissociated from SOM increased, and thus increased the adsorption ability with more silica minerals surface exposure. When adding background ions CaCl2, the adsorption trends of lincomycin were inhibited at all condition due to competition between divalent cation Ca2+ and lincomycin for the negatively charged sites of silica minerals. The degree of inhibition increased as pH increased, and this behavior correspond to more exposure of silica minerals at high pH values.
For composted swine manure, the adsorption also increased as pH increased in the absence of CaCl2. However, compared with peat soil, both adsorption capacity and the variation of adsorption trend were much lower due to the less content of silica minerals. Similar inhibition was observed with the presence of background ions CaCl2 that the adsorption of lincomycin decreased at all pH values. However, the low silica mineral content in composted manure made background ion inhibition insignificant. The importance of silica minerals but not organic content on licomycin adsorption was elucidated in this study. The presence of organic content will enhance its mobility and lead to a spread of lincomycin in the environment.
Therefore, we summarized the impact of pH and background ions factors on the adsorption of lincomycin for two high organic content soils. As the pH values increased, the adsorption amount increased since there would be more soil organic matter leach out and resulted in more silica minerals exposed to the solution；As added CaCl2 as background, it would compete for the adsorption sites with the silica minerals and thus inhibited the adsorption amount, and the degree of inhibition was proportional to the pH values and the content of silica minerals.

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