本篇論文主要探討漢語植物固定語式中呈現出的中國男、女性別角色。主要採用六個理論基礎對語料做多面向的分析。Lakoff 和Turner (1989) 提出概念隱喻理論「人即植物」，人被視為植物，有著相彷的生命循環。Ullmann (1959) 觀察到通感式隱喻的等級分佈。Huang (2002) 提出情緒語言裡的四大基本要素。Heine, Claudi, 和 Hünnemeyer (1991) 提出概念的語言編碼。Chou和Huang (2005)主張漢字知識本體。Croft (in press) 主張社會認知語言學，了解一個語言不可乎視其文化社會背景。

所分析的語料主要來自中研院古漢語語料庫、現代漢語平衡語料庫、教育部線上國語辭典、林語堂當代漢英辭典電子版。
本文主要分為四部份。第一部份以Lakoff和Turner的人即植物為基礎，來觀察植物如何被譬喻為男、女，怎樣典型的男、女，植物的生長階段又是如何映照到男女的人生階段。又以Heine 的概念的語言編碼來看譬喻基底的機制，來源域與目標域的映照關係。第二部份以Huang和Ullmann的理論來看語料中情緒與感官的語言，其中男女的差異，以及通感轉移的現象。第三部份以Chou和Huang的漢字知識本體的觀點，用固定語的部首來探討男女差異。第四部份以歷史上的中國共同社會背景中男女的角色及期待來呼應前幾部份的發現。

研究發現，對女性的描述側重在外貌與貞潔，對男性則是能力、知識與人品，女性的角色限於家庭，而男性則是融入社會有多重的角色與關係。在感官方面，視覺、嗅覺主要用於描述女性的美貌，味覺、觸覺的語意主角則是男性，跨領域的用來比喻不尊重女性的負面社會行為。在情緒方面，只發現以生理反應來喻指女性的情緒。以漢字本體來看，部首的運用也細膩地隱含了男女的差異，植物固定語式豐富地展現了男、女的角色，及在中國文化下所賦予的期待與定位。

This study aims to detect gender roles in Mandarin botanical fixed expressions from different perspectives. The analysis is based on six theories. Lakoff and Turner (1989) claimed conceptual metaphor- PEOPLE ARE PLANTS that people are viewed as plants in connection with life cycle. Ullmann (1959) observed hierarchical distribution of Synesthesia. Huang (2002) made the claim of four emotion frame elements. Heine, Claudi, and Hünnemeyer (1991) proposed linguistic coding of concepts, which reveal the relationship between source domain and target domain in metaphors. Chou and Huang introduced (2005) Hantology. Croft (in press) asserts social cognitive linguistics, which suggests that social common background cannot be ignored in understanding a language.

Botanical fixed expressions (BFEs) are gathered mostly from Academia Sinica Ancient Chinese Corpus, Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus Mandarin Chinese, Online Chinese dictionaries of Ministry Education, and Lin Yu-tang Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage.

The text will present four parts. First, based on Lakoff and Turner’s PEOPLE ARE PLANTS, which shows how plants are analogized as female and male stereotypes are observed, and also how plants’ growing stages are mapped to match the life stages of women and men. In addition, BFEs are examined with Heine et al’s coding of concepts. Secondly, with Huang and Ullmann’s theories, BFEs are examined to find the differences between sexes in terms of emotions and senses, and the phenomena of Synesthesia. Third, from the perspective of Hantology by Chou & Huang, the radicals of the BFEs are calculated and analyzed to see the differences between both sexes. Finally, the gender roles in Chinese common social background throughout history are presented to correspond with the findings of the previous parts.

Findings reveal that the descriptions mainly focus on a woman’s appearance and chastity and a man’s ability, knowledge and integrity. A woman’s role is limited to the family but a man participates in society and plays more roles. In terms of senses, vision and smell are mostly used in comparison to a woman’s outward beauty, while taste and touch, acted out by the semantic agent, men, are compared to another domain, the negative social behavior toward women. As for emotions, only in women are their physiological reactions likened to their emotions. From Hantology perspective, the application of the radicals also exquisitely connotes the differences between men and women. Chinese botanical fixed expressions richly manifest the roles of both sexes and the expectations and stereotypes given by Chinese culture.

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