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研究生: 吳獻堂
Wu, Hsien-Tang
論文名稱: 動態營建資源即時配送最佳化模式之開發-以混凝土配送為例
Developing an optimal real-time dispatching model for the dynamic construction resources - The study on RMC delivering operations
指導教授: 馮重偉
Feng, Chung-Wei
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 153
中文關鍵詞: 快速混雜基因演算法配送中心最佳派送排程預拌混凝土
外文關鍵詞: Optimal dispatching schedule, Ready mixed concrete, Dispatching center, Fast messy genetic algorithm
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  • 混凝土是現今營建工程中,使用最普遍也是最多的施工材料之一,在目前講求專業分工的時代,營建工地視其自身情況需要可隨時叫料(貨)施工,不需自行拌和。混凝土在營建原物料中管理的需求程度高,預拌混凝土品質更直接關係到營建工程品質,品質優良的預拌混凝土,除了需要正確合宜的配比設計外,更重要的是拌和、輸送及澆置等作業的相互配合。再者,預拌混凝土之使用具有相當高的時效性,過早或延誤太久到達營建工地之預拌混凝土,皆對營建工程施工品質與施工進度有相當大的影響。因此預拌廠要同時考量運送的即時性與彈性才能建構出有效的預拌車派送排程,以平衡預拌廠與工地間的作業。
    近年來隨著整體經濟環境的改變及科技的發展,企業間的競爭非常激烈,因此各企業紛紛致力於建立合適的物流通路,並藉由配送網路系統的建構,降低總營運成本及提升市場競爭力。而在預拌混凝土業聯合所屬的預拌廠亦成為營運的主要策略之一,然而現今以整合形式經營之預拌企業乃未充分利用整合後之優勢,進行系統化的配送,因此整體競爭力並未有效提升。
    本研究建構數學方程式與CYCLONE模擬兩種模式,並從簡單的單廠多工地到複雜的多廠多工地模式,配合問題空間大小,分別採用簡單基因演算法及適合於求解排列組合數眾多的快速混雜基因演算法,最後建構一個結合CYCLONE模擬方法、最短路徑法、GPS系統、及快速混雜基因演算法的多廠多工地預拌車最佳派送排程模式,尋求能滿足各工地之需求並且使預拌車在各工地之總等待時間為最少之最佳派送排程;並開發一視覺化操作界面的預拌車配送通用程式-RMCDiSO III,用以輔助調度人員進行預拌車派送排程作業。

    RMC (Ready Mixed Concrete) was first introduced into the construction industry in the early twentieth century and has been ever since widely employed. Unlike other types of materials that can be manufactured in advance and stored in the construction site, RMC can only be produced at the time that the job site manager calls for delivering because of the quick solidification of the cement.
    Along with the development of the supply chain for the construction industry, as one of the key operations within the supply chain, an efficient RMC delivering process becomes important to both of the RMC batch plant and the construction sites. However, it is troublesome for the RMC batch plant manger to develop the efficient and balanced schedule of dispatching RMC trucks when various construction sites call for delivering in the same short period of time.
    This research develops a systematic model based on dispatching center which adopts the CYCLONE (CYCLic Operation Network) simulation technique, shortest path algorithms, GPS (global positioning system), and the fmGA (fast messy genetic algorithms) are incorporated to find the optimal dispatching schedule which minimizes the total waiting duration of RMC trucks at construction sites and satisfies the needs of RMC deliveries from different construction sites. In addition, a user-friendly computer program named “RMC Dispatching Schedule Optimizer III” (RMCDiSO III) is developed to help the dispatching ceneter manager quickly generate an efficiency dispatching schedule.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT II 誌謝 III 目錄 V 圖目錄 IX 表目錄 XIII 數學符號表 XV 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 3 1.3 研究範圍 4 1.4 研究方法與流程 5 1.5 論文架構 7 第2章 問題陳述與文獻回顧 9 2.1 研究問題陳述 9 2.1.1 預拌混凝土產業特色 9 2.1.2 預拌車派送排程影響因素 12 2.2 車輛途程問題(VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM,VRP) 14 2.2.1 車輛途程問題之演進與問題型式 16 2.2.2 車輛途程問題之解題方法 19 2.2.3 萬用啟發式解法(Meta-Heuristics) 22 2.3 GPS定位技術應用 26 2.4 預拌車派送 28 2.5 小結 32 第3章 模式求解工具與理論介紹 33 3.1 基因演算法(GENETIC ALGORITHMS) 33 3.1.1 簡單基因演算法(simple GA,sGA) 35 3.1.1.1 染色體表示法(Chromosome Representation) 35 3.1.1.2 選取(Selection) 37 3.1.1.3 交配運作(Crossover Operator) 38 3.1.1.4 突變運作(Mutation Operator) 40 3.1.2 混雜基因演算法(messy GA,mGA) 42 3.1.2.1 混雜染色體表示法(Messy Chromosome Representation) 44 3.1.2.2 混雜基因運作(Messy Operators) 45 3.1.3 快速混雜基因演算法(Fast Messy GA,fmGA) 46 3.1.3.1 初始階段(Initialization Phase) 47 3.1.3.2 原生階段(Primordial Phase) 47 3.1.3.3 並列階段(Juxtapositional Phase) 50 3.1.3.4 快速混雜基因演算法架構(Organization of the fmGA) 50 3.2 CYCLONE模擬方法 52 3.2.1 CYCLONE模擬元件 53 3.2.2 CYCLONE模擬機制 53 3.2.3 CYCLONE模擬優勢 56 3.3 最短路徑法 57 3.3.1 最短路徑基本假設 57 3.3.2 最小標籤優先法(Small Label First, SLF) 58 3.4 全球衛星定位系統(GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) 59 3.4.1 GPS發展與系統架構 60 3.4.2 GPS定位原理 62 3.4.3 GPS應用 64 3.5 小結 66 第4章 預拌車派送模式 67 4.1 簡單基因演算法求解單廠多工地派送排程模式 67 4.1.1 簡單基因演算法之單廠多工地派送排程模式基本架構 67 4.1.2 單廠多工地派送排程-簡單基因演算法應用 70 4.1.3 單廠多工地派送排程-數學方程式模式 75 4.1.4 單廠多工地派送排程-CYCLONE模擬模式 79 4.2 快速混雜基因演算法求解單廠多工地派送排程模式 82 4.2.1 快速混雜基因演算法之單廠多工地派送排程模式基本架構 83 4.2.2 單廠多工地派送排程-快速混雜基因演算法應用 83 4.3 快速混雜基因演算法求解配送中心派送排程模式 85 4.3.1 快速混雜基因演算法之配送中心派送模式基本架構 86 4.3.2 配送中心派送排程-快速混雜基因演算法架構 88 4.3.3 配送中心派送排程-CYCLONE模擬模式 90 4.3.4 配送中心派送排程-最短路徑法應用 92 4.3.5 配送中心派送排程-GPS系統應用 94 4.4 小結 98 第5章 RMCDISO派送排程系統介紹與案例驗證 99 5.1 RMCDISO介紹與單廠多工地模式案例驗證 99 5.1.1 RMCDiSO介紹 99 5.1.2 單廠多工地模式案例驗證 102 5.2 RMCDISO II介紹與配送中心模式案例驗證 110 5.2.1 RMCDiSO II介紹 111 5.2.2 配送中心模式案例驗證 113 5.3 RMCDISO III介紹與最短路徑、GPS案例模擬驗證 121 5.3.1 RMCDiSO III介紹 121 5.3.2 最短路徑應用與GPS案例模擬驗證 123 5.4 小結 129 第6章 結論與未來研究方向 131 6.1 結論 131 6.2 未來研究方向 133 參考文獻 137 中文部分 137 英文部分 141 簡歷 151

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