隨著失智症挑戰日益嚴峻，傳統中醫學（Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCM）提供了一種系統性與整體性的替代框架，用於理解認知退化的過程。此一框架的核心是臟腑理論，其根源可追溯至《黃帝內經》等經典文獻，強調生理與心理功能的統一結構，並以此解釋心智活動的基礎。
依據臟腑理論，各臟腑分別主導特定的認知功能：肝對應執行功能，脾主短期記憶（short-term memory, STM），腎則與長期記憶（long-term memory, LTM）相關。心在傳統上被認為主導選擇性注意，肺則與感覺覺察及外部刺激的初步處理有關。這樣的臟腑—認知對應關係不僅提供了一個可檢驗的模型，也在中醫與現代認知科學之間建立了概念橋樑。
脈診自古以來即為評估臟腑功能狀態的核心方法。為提升其客觀性與可重現性，本研究引入傅立葉轉換技術，將動脈脈波分解為不同諧波成分，並以 Cn 值表示各諧波的振幅。每一諧波被假設對應於特定臟腑之功能狀態。
基於此理論整合，本論文提出「臟腑諧波反應假說」（Zang-Organ Harmonic Response Hypothesis），主張特定的認知刺激會引發對應臟腑的生理反應，而此反應可透過脈波諧波變化加以捕捉。為驗證此假說，本研究設計了三個部分的研究流程，以探討其生理基礎與診斷應用價值。
本論文之研究設計包括三部分：（1）系統性文獻回顧：建立脈波諧波分析的理論基礎與方法學架構；（2）脈波數據分析：比較輕度認知障礙（MCI）患者與健康對照組在認知作業前後的諧波變化，評估與臟腑功能相關的血管反應。受試者於認知減法任務前後，透過光體積描記法（photoplethysmography, PPG）進行脈波紀錄；（3）機器學習分類：建立多層感知器（MLP）模型，基於諧波特徵進行 MCI 的分類，並評估脈波分析於認知退化檢測之診斷潛力。
研究結果顯示：（1）系統性回顧確認脈波諧波與認知功能可能相關，並指出 C1 與肝、心相關，C2 與腎相關，C3 與脾相關；（2）實驗結果顯示，健康組在認知作業後 C2（腎）與 C3（脾）均顯著下降，而 MCI 組則未見此變化；（3）基於諧波變化所建立之 MLP 模型達到 80% 的分類準確率，並確認 C2 與 C3 為關鍵鑑別特徵。
綜合而言，本論文延伸並驗證了臟腑諧波反應假說，證明脈波諧波不僅能反映臟腑層級對認知任務的反應，也能捕捉個體在認知功能上的差異。C2 與 C3 的選擇性變化顯示腎與脾可能在早期認知退化中扮演核心角色，而分類模型進一步支持此生理模式具備診斷應用的可行性，從而在傳統理論與現代運算工具之間建立連結。

In response to the growing challenge of dementia, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers an alternative framework for understanding cognitive decline through a systems-based, holistic perspective. Central to this framework is the Zang-organs theory, a concept rooted in the classical texts such as Huangdi Neijing (黃帝內經), which conceptualizes a unified structure integrating physiological and psychological functions to explain the foundations of mental activity.
According to the Zang-organs theory, each Zang-organ governs a specific aspect of cognition: the liver is associated with executive function, the spleen with short-term memory (STM), and the kidney with willpower and long-term memory (LTM). The heart is traditionally associated with selective attention, while the lung is related to sensory perception and the initial processing of external stimuli. This Zang-organ–cognition mapping provides a testable model and establishes a conceptual bridge between TCM and modern cognitive science.
Traditionally, pulse diagnosis has been a core method for assessing the functional status of Zang-organs. To enhance objectivity and reproducibility, this study applies Fourier transform techniques to decompose arterial pulse waveforms into harmonic components. The resulting Cn values represent the amplitude of each harmonic, with each component hypothesized to reflect the functional state of a specific Zang-organ.
Based on this theoretical integration, the present dissertation proposes the “Zang-Organ Harmonic Response Hypothesis,” which posits that specific cognitive stimulus elicits physiological responses in corresponding Zang-organs, and that such responses can be captured through changes in pulse harmonics. To empirically evaluate this hypothesis, a three-part research design was implemented to explore its physiological basis and diagnostic utility.
To systematically investigate this issue, this dissertation comprises three parts: (1) Systematic Review – Establishes the theoretical foundation and methodological framework for pulse harmonic analysis. (2) Pulse Wave Data Analysis – Examines harmonic changes in MCI patients and healthy controls before and after cognitive tasks to assess vascular responses linked to TCM organ functions. Pulse wave signals were recorded using photoplethysmography (PPG) both before and after a subtraction task. (3) Machine Learning Classification – Develops a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model to classify MCI based on harmonic features, evaluating the diagnostic potential of pulse wave analysis for MCI detection.
The results of this dissertation revealed that: (1) a potential association between pulse wave harmonics and cognitive function was identified through a systematic literature review, with evidence supporting the correspondence of C1 to the liver and heart, C2 to the kidney, and C3 to the spleen; (2) experimental findings showed that healthy participants exhibited significant post-task decreases in C2 (kidney) and C3 (spleen), whereas no such changes were observed in the MCI group; and (3) a MLP model based on these harmonic changes achieved 80% classification accuracy, with C2 and C3 identified as key discriminative features.
These results extend the Zang-Organ Harmonic Response Hypothesis by demonstrating that pulse harmonics not only reflect Zang-organ-level responses to cognitive tasks but also capture individual differences in cognitive function. The selective changes in C2 and C3 suggest that kidney and spleen functions may play central roles in early cognitive decline. The classification model further implies that these physiological patterns are robust enough to support diagnostic applications, bridging traditional theories with modern computational tools.

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