近年來許多研究著重在製備多功能無機材料奈米，並應用在體外(in vitro)或體內(in vivo)生醫方面。無侵入性的磁振造影技術被認定對人體無傷害性，並可提供解剖學上的高對比解析的資訊。近期的磁振顯影劑主要可歸類成兩類：以順磁性種類為主之T1正向顯影劑，例如釓離子(Gd3+)配位化合物；另外是以超順磁氧化鐵粒子為主之T2負向顯影劑。

第一部份，我們探討碳羥基碳酸釓(Gd(CO3)OH)奈米粒子和其相關之氧化釓(Gd2O3)的合成和應用。我們的研究發現碳酸釓球型粒子擁有多方面的功能，除了可當磁振顯影劑，並且可以粒子作為模板製備空球和混雜複合材料。我們的研究可分類為三個主題：(1)我們是第一個研究報導碳酸釓膠體粒子，其合成方式是利用含結晶水之氯化釓鹽類和尿素在低溫下迴流過程中產生。藉由高解析同步加速器X射線粉末繞射詳細分析得到精確的晶體結構，顯示為具有斜方晶系對稱(orthorhombic symmetry)結晶性的碳酸氧化釓；(2)這些製備出來的含釓的粒子可同時作為T1正向和T2負向雙顯影劑。另外，由生物分佈研究指出粒子可在血管中循環，並可能在組織中被代謝排出組織；(3)碳酸氧化釓球型粒子表面容易修飾，具有潛力作為多模態(multimodal)粒子，我們以此碳酸釓球型粒子作為理想的模板，來製備中空的矽膠球殼和外接氧化鐵的中空矽膠球殼之混雜複合材料。
第二部份，我們合成親水性的掺釓之硒化鎘(CdSe:Gd NPs)量子點，隨著反應時間增加，由30秒到5分鐘，吸收與放光皆產生紅位移，粒徑6.3 nm的量子點
具有高r1值為76.7 s-1mM-1，同時具有螢光顯影探針和磁振顯影劑效果。

第三部分，以碳酸氧化釓奈米粒子此硬性材質的模板合成二氧化矽空球，經由高溫鍛燒後二氧化矽空球結構中產生有機發光產物，在給予激發能量後會產生螢光，其中以丙胺三乙氧基矽烷(APTES) 佔總矽氧烷類前趨物為6 mol%之二氧化矽空球，並以升溫速率為 2 ℃/min條件下鍛燒300 ℃並持溫1 hr具有最好的量子產率。

Recently, research has been centred on the fabrication of the multifunctional inorganic-based particulate agents for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. The non-invasive MRI, recognized as harmless to the body, provides anatomical details in diagnosis and offers highly resolved contrast. Currently, MR contrast agents are categorized into T1-positive agents of paramagnetic species, such as gadolinium (Gd3+)-based complexes and T2-negative agents of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles.
In part I, Herein, we report the synthesis and applications of Gd(CO3)OH colloidal particles and their corresponding Gd2O3. The Gd(CO3)OH spherical particles exhibited multifunctional capability by the observation of showing MR contrast effect and developing as multimodal materials. Our findings can be categorized to three main themes: (i) We wish to present the first report of the Gd(CO3)OH colloidal particles, which readily synthesized with GdCl3•6H2O and urea by reflux process under a low temperature. With the detailed characterization of the high resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, crystal structural information has shown the exact crystal packing with orthorhombic symmetry for crystalline Gd(CO3)OH sample.; (ii) These newly prepared Gd-containg particles showed the effective bimodal T1-positive and T2-negative contrast agents. The biodistribution studies indicted that the particles could circulate in the vessels and possibly metabolically excreted from organs after 12 h.; (iii) The Gd(CO3)OH spherical particles potentially acted as multimodal particles because of readily surface engineering, which was normally limited in the inorganic Gd-related particles. We thus demonstrated that the Gd(CO3)OH spheres as an ideal template to form hollow silica nanoshells and hollow silica@Fe3O4 hybrid particles, which was reported for the first time.
In part II, we report the first example of water-soluble Gd doped CdSe nanoparticles (CdSe:Gd NPs) with dual modality in optical and MR imaging functionalities. The resulting CdSe:Gd NPs were 6.3 nm in diameter and exhibited high r1 relaxivity, 76.7 s-1mM-1, giving the largest relaxivity among the reported Gd-related nanoparticles. CdSe:Gd NPs also served as fluorescence probes in cellular imaging.
In part III, Gd(CO3)OH nanoparticles as a hard template was used to synthesize hollow silica nanospheres. Calcination of hollow silica nanosphere created fluorescent organic compound in the structure which can irradiated fluorescence. The results showed mol % of APTES/silane precursor = 6 % of hollow silica nanospheres were dried and subsequently calcined in air at 300 ℃ for 1 hr at heating rate 2 ℃/min condition provided best quantum yield.

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