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研究生： 許俊賢
Hsu, Jun-Hsien
論文名稱： 深層岩體熱力-水力-力學偶合行為之研究
A Study of Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behaviors in the Deep Rocks
指導教授： 陳昭旭
Chen, Chao-Shi
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 資源工程學系
Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年： 2004
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 258
中文關鍵詞： TOUGH2 、核廢料 、熱力-水力-力學偶合(THM) 、FLAC3D
外文關鍵詞： thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM), FLAC3D, TOUGH2, nuclear waste
相關次數： 點閱：112  下載：3 
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    • 核廢料為具有長半衰期之高放射性物質，對人類生活環境與生物圈具有威脅性，須以能確保長期隔絕之方式加以處理。經過世界各核能使用先進國家之研究顯示，較穩定且安全之處置法為深層地質處置(Deep Geological Disposal)。
    深層處置岩體受核廢料之高溫放熱作用後，其產生之熱效應將大幅影響深層岩體之各種力學性質與水文性質，本研究藉由FLAC3D 與TOUGH2 兩套數值分析程式，以探討核廢料處置後其周圍深層飽和岩體之熱力-水力-力學偶合(Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical)行為。分析結果顯示核廢料於處置5 年、10 年與50 年等階段之岩體溫度分佈情形、其岩體應力分佈、位移趨勢與飽和岩體之水流方向，與非熱力-水力-力學偶合之分析結果有明顯差異。
    本研究發現於溫度分佈中，經過偶合模擬之岩體溫度有向上並加速向外擴張之現象，其與岩體之熱能傳播為熱對流所主導有關，而未經偶合模擬之深層岩體為熱傳導形式所主導，其溫度呈現等量向外擴張之趨勢與經偶合分析之岩體不同。最大張應力之分布區域則多為結構體脆弱區，須予以補強以防岩體破壞。而飽和岩體中之水流體流向以熱源為中心呈上升趨勢，並有明顯之熱對流現象。

    From the studies of spent nuclear fuel disposal methods, they indicate that the deep geologic disposal is the most stable and safest agent to dispose the spent nuclear fuel. When the nuclear waste was placed in deep rocks, it will produce higher temperature and effect the properties of deep rocks. In this study, two computer codes of TOUGH2 and FLAC3D were used to link the thermomechanical and hydromechanical models for coupled analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM) behaviors in the saturated and porous deep rocks. The analysis was simulated a single storage hole and two-storage-hole with different distances, to observe the effect of the temperature spread, stress distribution, displacement and direction of fluid flow for 5, 10 and 50 years after deposition in saturated and porous rocks.
    The analysis indicates that major heat transfer in the porous deep rocks is heat convection and the result is different with that simulated by the
    uncoupled method. The highest temperature of nuclear waste simulated by the proposed coupled method arrives faster than that by the uncoupled analysis.
    The compressive, tensile and maximum principal stresses of rocks show that the top of storage holes and the walls of tunnels should be reinforced. Fluid flow has convected upward in porous rocks and has indirect related to fluid
    flow and the temperature spread.

    摘要........................................................................I 英文摘要................................................................... II 致謝........................................................................III 目錄........................................................................IV 表目錄......................................................................IX 圖目錄......................................................................X 符號定義....................................................................XIV 第一章 緒論.................................................................1 1.1 前言....................................................................1 1.2 研究目的................................................................4 1.3 研究內容................................................................4 第二章 前人研究.............................................................7 2.1 核廢料之處置概念........................................................7 2.1.1 核廢料處置方式........................................................8 2.2 核廢料深層處置之相關研究................................................12 2.3 岩體之基本性質..........................................................14 2.3.1 基本熱力學性質........................................................14 2.3.2 基本水力學性質........................................................21 2.4 受熱岩體之力學行為......................................................23 2.5 飽和岩層受熱後之水力學行為..............................................23 2.6 岩體之熱力-水力-力學(THM)行為...........................................24 2.7 小結....................................................................34 第三章 理論模式............................................................ 36 3.1 熱傳導理論..............................................................36 3.1.1 卡式直角座標系........................................................39 3.1.2 圓柱直角座標系........................................................39 3.1.3 球體座標系............................................................39 3.2 熱對流理論..............................................................40 3.3 水流體傳輸理論..........................................................43 3.4 有限差分法(FDM)之數值熱傳輸理論.........................................44 3.4.1 由微分方程式推導......................................................45 3.4.2 由能量平衡推導........................................................47 3.4.3 能量方程式微分推導....................................................48 3.5 FLAC3D 熱傳模式理論.....................................................51 3.5.1 基本定義..............................................................51 3.5.2 能量平衡方程式........................................................52 3.5.3 傳輸定律..............................................................54 3.5.4 初始條件與邊界........................................................54 3.5.5 力學偶合：熱應變......................................................55 3.6 TOUGH2 流體傳輸模式理論.................................................56 第四章 數值分析方法.........................................................61 4.1 FLAC3D 之概述...........................................................61 4.1.1 FLAC3D 之基本方程式...................................................61 4.1.2 FLAC3D 之運算程序.....................................................65 4.1.3 FLAC3D 熱傳模式特點...................................................66 4.1.4 FLAC3D 熱傳分析模式之數值方法.........................................67 4.1.5 FLAC3D 之基本分析架構.................................................79 4.1.6 FLAC3D 之實際分析步驟.................................................80 4.2 TOUGH2 之概述...........................................................83 4.2.1 TOUGH2 變數矩陣結構...................................................84 4.2.2 TOUGH2 熱流分析模式之數值方法.........................................88 4.2.3 TOUGH2 之基本分析架構.................................................91 4.3 熱力-水力(TH)與熱力-力學(TM)之數值分析模式偶合..........................91 4.3.1 TOUGH2 與FLAC3D 之偶合方法概述........................................92 4.3.2 TOUGH2 與FLAC3D 之偶合關係式..........................................95 第五章 核廢料處置坑之案例模擬與結果分析.....................................99 5.1 數值模擬之假設與材料參數設定............................................99 5.1.1 模擬模型之斷面與尺寸..................................................99 5.1.2 邊界設定..............................................................102 5.1.3 初始條件設定..........................................................110 5.2 模擬案例形式............................................................117 5.3 結果分析................................................................119 5.3.1 溫度分佈..............................................................119 5.3.2 應力分佈..............................................................129 5.3.3 位移趨勢..............................................................139 5.3.4 水流方向..............................................................144 第六章 結論與建議...........................................................150 6.1 結論....................................................................150 6.2 建議....................................................................153 參考文獻....................................................................155 附錄Ａ 岩體之溫度分布.......................................................A-1 附錄Ｂ 岩體之應力分布.......................................................B-1 附錄Ｃ 岩體之位移方向.......................................................C-1 附錄Ｄ 飽和岩層之水流方向...................................................D-1

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