車輛荷重是影響鋪面應力與壽命的最關鍵因素，然而鋪面實際受力大小實為車輛與鋪面耦合系統中的互制力，為了解此一互制力的大小與特性，本文採用有限元素軟體ABAQUS建立剛性鋪面與移動車體質量之三維互制模型，模擬鋪面平坦度引起之動態荷重。初步完成四分車模型，輪胎由一線性彈簧與集中質量構成，車輪上方以一組線性彈簧及阻尼器形成懸吊系統，連接模擬車體集中質量的質點。剛性鋪面以三維二十點元素置於以凱爾文模式模擬具線性黏彈性質的基礎土壤上。最後，透過正弦波模擬不同鋪面糙度，進行移動車體的動力分析。模型分析通過與耦合模型動力分析之解析解驗證，更進一步模擬S122聯結車，歸納參數分析結果，從車路耦合動力分析角度探討重車對鋪面應力與壽命的影響。
關鍵字：ABAQUS、車路互制、動態荷重、剛性鋪面、有限元素

Dynamic load is the most important factor for stress prediction and life assessment of pavements. The dynamic effect cannot be resolved with either isolated pavement system or vehicle kinematic formation because vehicles and pavements are coupled as an interaction system. This article describes simulation of the coupled system and analysis of the impact force associated by moving vehicle and pavement roughness. A quarter-car model was built with a linear spring and a mass element as half of wheel axle, and a spring-dashpot system as vehicle suspension connecting the lumped car mass and the wheel axle. The concrete pavement was composed of 20-node brick elements resting on springs and dashpots. The pavement elevation was input according to sinusoidal curve to simulate surface irregularities. The model was successfully validated with theoretical solutions and was further expanded to a S122 tractor-trailer model. The dynamic effect and coupled interaction were thoughtfully discussed.
Keyword: ABAQUS, vehicle-road interaction, dynamic load, rigid pavement, finite element.

ABAQUS/Standard User’s Manual Version 6.3

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