地下管線與我們的生活密不可分，隨著使用時間的增長，造成管線老舊、鬆脫之情況將不可避免。因此油氣管線滲漏位置偵測技術的研發，一直是國內外石油與顧問公司非常關注的議題。除了意外油氣滲漏將造成公安事故與環境污染之外，油管盜油事件更是會直接造成經濟收益的巨大損失，因此，油氣管線的滲漏與盜接偵測技術的發展對國計民生有十分重大的意義。
從以往的研究中，可知由液體流動時產生的音波，經滲漏產生的干擾會造成駐波變化。因此，本研究目的在探討當穩定流體在管線中行進時產生異常的頻率，由麥克風收集波形後，經由頻譜轉換或小波等方式分析在有無洩漏情況下所收集到頻率波形數據的變化。期望由更進一步的細部分析中，從音波頻率因滲漏干擾產生波形變化的差異，來推斷檢測漏洞的位置。
本研究分別藉由有無孔洞、距收音遠近、孔洞大小、不同長度及口徑之PVC管及不同位置之出水孔與改變注水壓力等之各項因子變化。利用管線中液體流動時，音波振動差異情形探討其頻譜及小波等訊號分析上的差異與各項因子之關連性。
本研究以重建理論上之水管滲漏情形，並以一般收音設備進行音頻分析，期待能重現文獻中之成果；但經由分析處理，於固定水壓之成果不如預期，但是經由改變注水壓力後得以重建音頻之差異；露天管線與地下管線受流體振動的影響不一，加上音波傳導狀況亦有差異，若要將本音波法導入實際工程之滲漏位置偵測，仍有許多先期研究要執行。

關鍵字：管線滲漏、駐波、頻率

Nowadays underground pipelines and our lives are inseparable. And as the age of the pipeline increased malfunction of it would become inevitable. Therefore technology used to detect the locations of underground pipeline leaks have become as primary research for both domestic and international gasoline companies. For the fact that gasoline leaks not only possess a tremendous threat to pubic safety and also to the environment, it stall also reduce the profit of the gasoline companies. As a result significantly, research and development of the leak detection technologies would not only benefit the gasoline industries, but also to as a whole humanity.

According to the past experence, we know that leaks will interference to the waveform of by moving liquids in the pipelines, therefore cause a change in the standing waves. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to collect the sound waves by microphone, convert them into wave diagrams, then compare the wave diagram to one without leak to check the possibility to identify the location of the leak by identifying the changes within frequency domain of sound waves.

In this research, PVC pipes of different length, size were used along with various distance to the microphone, size of the gap or without gap or the pressure of water are the variables to simulate conditions of leaks. Through the simulation of leaks, we can produce the wave diagrams for exploring the difference and also changes between pipes without leak, and with leaks. Then the difference in wave diagrams to the difference in sizes of pipes and gaps.

The purpose of this research is trying to replicate the theory proposed by previous researchers with the same infrastructure and methodology. However after careful analysis and in depth research, the precision of the method still falls short from expectation; But change the pressure of water can replicate the difference. Due to the fact that pipes react differently under different underground environments. Thus, we still have a long way to go before one can truly put this research into practical in the leak detection industries.

Keyword：leak detection、standing wave、frequence

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