本研究目的係在從高雄港散雜貨裝卸業者的觀點，探討散雜貨裝卸作業的安全氣候與安全績效之關係，並以填答者對安全氣候與安全績效的同意性認知作為研究分析的資料。藉由因素分析結果，安全氣候共萃取出「主管安全涉入」、「安全教育」、「安全設備防護」、「安全管理態度」、「工作夥伴安全態度」、「安全遵守態度」、「個人安全態度」等七個因素；安全績效共萃取出「安全行為績效」、「工作環境績效」、「緊急應變能力」、「意外事故溝通與處理」等四個因素。
本研究利用結構方程模式來分析散雜貨裝卸業者的安全氣候對安全績效所造成的影響，由研究結果得知，散雜貨裝卸業者的安全管理會正向影響其安全態度，且散雜貨裝卸業者的安全態度會正向影響其安全績效的表現。然而，散雜貨裝卸業的安全管理對安全績效有正向影響關係，在本研究中並沒有得到驗證的支持。最後，本研究提出安全管理上改進的建議，以供散雜貨裝卸業者參考。

This research empirically evaluates the effects of safety climate and safety performance in handling of bulk cargo from bulk stevedoring companies for the port of Kaohsiung . Based on a factor analysis, seven factors are extracted from the safety climate attributes, these are supervisor safety, safety training, safety equipment, safety management attitude, coworker attitude, safety obey attitude,and personal safety attitude ,whereas four factors are extracted from the safety performance, namely, safety behavior, work environment, emergency ability,and accident communication.
Based on a structural equation modeling approach, results showed that safety management had a positive influence on safety attitude, whereas safety attitude had a positive influence on safety performance in the context of bulk stevedoring companies. However, the impact of safety management on safety performance was not supported in this study. Practical implications of improving safety management in the research findings are discussed.

參考文獻
一、中文部分
1. 方信雄，「有關港區安全的影響因素」，高雄港月刊，13卷1期，頁24-28，民國88年1月。
2. 王丘明，港埠管理，第二版，民國91年。
3. 交通部運輸研究所，「台灣地區國際港埠碼頭裝卸工人管理問題之研究」，民國84年10月。
4. 行政院勞工委員會
5. 吳明隆，SPSS-統計應用學習實務，第三版，民國95年。
6. 吳萬益，企業研究方法，民國94年。
7. 吳聰智，台灣中部四類製造業安全氣候與安全績效之相關研究，國立彰化師範大學工業教育學系博士論文，民國90年。
8. 李長貴，績效管理與績效評估，華泰文化事業公司，民國86年。
9. 林光、張志清，航業經營與管理，第一版，民國90年。
10. 林震岩，多變量分析-SPSS的操作與應用，民國96年。
11. 林蘭雀，安全氣候對安全績效影響之探討-以高雄貨櫃碼頭經營業為例，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所碩士論文，民國92年6月。
12. 洪禎祥，公路貨運業安全氣候影響績效分析以及改善風險科技方案研究，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所博士論文，民國94年。
13. 范聿壯，基隆港貨櫃裝卸作業安全管理研究國立，台灣海洋大學海洋航運管理學系碩士論文，民國96年6月。
14. 倪安順、林光，港埠經營與管理，民國93年。
15. 張淑美，績效管理-載於蔡培村主編之學校經營與管理，高雄麗文文化事業公司，民國87年。
16. 張紹勳，研究方法-LISREL＆AMOS，民國90年。
17. 許春鎮，港埠裝卸人法律地位之研究，國立台灣海洋學院海洋研究所碩士論文，民國76年。
18. 陳坤宏，港埠貨櫃作業安全之研究，國立台灣海洋大學航運技術研究所碩士論文，民國90年。
19. 陳俊亮，基隆港港埠服務品質、客戶滿意度與再裝卸意願關係之研究，國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所碩士論文，民國90年。
20. 陳啟昭，從機師族群探討組織氣候、安全氣候與組員資源管理及航務滿意度之關聯性，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所碩士論文，民國90年6月。
21. 陳順宇，多變量分析，民國93年。
22. 陳順宇，結構方程模式-AMOS操作，民國96年。
23. 陳義雄，台中港散雜貨裝卸作業民營化對提升裝卸效率績效之研究，國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所碩士論文，民國91年。
24. 曾志煌，「國際港裝卸機具調查研究」，交通部運輸研究所，民國89年。
25. 黃俊英，多變量分析，民國93年。
26. 黃訓道，安全管理系統、安全氣候、與安全績效之關係研究-以鋼鐵業為例，國立成功大學工業與資訊管理係碩士在職專班碩士論文，民國95年。
27. 黃清賢，工業安全與管理，三民書局，民國84年。
28. 楊素勤，基隆港碼頭裝卸作業事故之研究，國立台灣海洋大學航運管理研究所碩士論文，民國87年。
29. 葛曉月、袁又罡、賴俊男，「港埠重大職業災害統計及分析」，高雄港月刊，第236期，20卷2期，頁22-27，民國95年2月。
30. 葛曉月、賴俊男，「台中港碼頭工人裝卸作業安全之探討」，工業安全衛生月刊，207期，頁38-47，民國95年9月。
31. 蔡皓鈞，管理影響工作安全認知之相關性研究，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文，民國90年。
32. 賴善哲，「港埠船貨裝卸作業安全」。高雄港月刊，第247期，21卷1期，頁21-23，民國96年1月。
33. 謝文豐，我國國際港埠裝卸人貨損責任之探討，國立台灣海洋大學海洋法律研究所碩士論文，民國92年6月。
34. 謝美鳳，探討安全氣候影響安全績效之研究-以國道客運駕駛員為例，國立成功大學交通管理科學研究所博士論文，民國92年。
35. 羅曉琪，營造業勞工安全氣候與安全行為間關係探討之研究，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系碩士論文，民國95年6月。
36. 蘇弘毅、施慧中，「事業單位安全衛生績效評估及稽核制度之研究」，行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所，民國91年。

二、英文部分
1. Blair, E.H., Seo, D.C., Torabi, M., and Kaldahl, M.A., 2004. Safety beliefs and safe behavior among midwestern college students. Journal of Safety Research 35(2), 131-140.
2. Borman, W.C., & Motowidlo, S. J. 1993. Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In N. Schmitt & W. C. Borman (Eds.), Personnel selection in organiratlons. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
3. Brown, R.L., and Holmes, H., 1986. The use of a factor-analytic procedure for assessing the validity of an employee safety climate model. Accident Analysis & Prevention 18(6), 429-457.
4. Burke, M.J., Sarpy, S.A., Tesluk, P.E., and Smith-Crowe, K., 2002. General safety performance: a test of a grounded theoretical model. Personnel Psychology 55(2), 267-564.
5. Cooper, D., 1998. Improving safety culture :a practical guide, England:John Wiley & Sons.
6. Cooper, M.D., and Phillips R.A., 2004. Exploratory analysis of the safety climate and safety behavior relationship. Journal of Safety Research 35(5), 497-512.
7. Cooper, M.D., and Phillips, R.A., 1994. Validation of a Safety Climate Measure. The British Psychological Society, Annual Occupational Psychology Conference. Birmingham Metropole, Jan3-5.
8. Cox, S. and Cox, T., 1991. The structrure of employee attitudes to safety : a European example. Work and Stress 5(2), 93-106.
9. Cox, S.J., and Cheyne, A.J.T., 2000. Assessing safety culture in offshore environments. Safety Science 34(1-3), 111-129.
10. Coyle, I.R., Sleeman, S.D., and Adams, N., 1995. Safety climate. Journal of Safety Research 26(4), 247-254.
11. Darbra, R.M., and Casal, J., 2004. Historical analysis of accidents in seaports. Safety Science 42(2), 85-98.
12. Dedobbeleer, N., and Beland, F., 1991. A safety climate measure for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research 22(2), 97-103.
13. Dejoy, D.M., Schaffer, B.S., Wilson, M.G., Vandenberg, R.J., and Butts, M.M., 2004. Creating safer workplaces: assessing the determinants and role of safety climate. Journal of Safety Research 35(1), 81-90.
14. Diaz, R.I., and Cabrera D.D., 1997. Safety climate attitude as evaluation measures of organizational safety. Accident Analysis & Prevention 29(5), 643-650.
15. Ek, A., Akselsson, R., Arvidsson, M., and Johansson, C.R., 2007. Safety culture in swedish air traffic control. Safety Science 45(7), 791-811.
16. Findley, M., Smith, S., Gorski, J.,and O’neil, M., 2007. Safety climate differences among job positions in a nuclear decommissioning and demolition industry: Employees’ self – reported safety attitudes and perceptions. Safety Science 45(8), 875-889.
17. Flin, R., Mearns, K., and Bryden, R., 2000. “Measuring safety climate: identifying the common features”. Safety Science 34(1-3), 177-192.
18. French W.L., and Bell, C.H., 1995. Organization development: Behavioral science interventions for organization improvement. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
19. Gauthier, F., Giraud, L., Bournival,. S., Bourbonniere, R., Richard, J., Daigle, R.,and Masse, S., 2007. Development of a loading dock safety evaluation tool. Journal of Safety Research 38(1), 35-51.
20. Glendon, A.I., and Litherland, D.K., 2001. Safety Climate factors, group differences and safety behaviour in road construction. Safety Science 39(3), 157-188.
21. Glendon, A.I., and Mckenna, E.F., 1995. Human Safety and Risk Management, Chapmam and Hall, London.
22. Griffin, M.A., and Neal, A., 2000. Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3),347-358.
23. Griffin, M.A., and Neal, A., 2000. Perceptions of Safety at Work: A framework for Linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 5(3), 347-358.
24. Grote, G., and Kunzler, C., 2000. Diagnosis of safety culture in safety management audits. Safety Science 34(1-3), 131-150.
25. Guldenmund, F.W., 2000. The nature of safety culture: a review of theory and research. Safety Science 34(1-3), 215-257.
26. Guldenmund, F.W., 2007. The use of questionnaires in safety culture research – an evaluation. Safety Science 45(6), 723-743.
27. Hayes, B.E., Perander, j., Smecko, T., and Trask, J., 1998. Measuring perceptions of workplace safety: development and validation of the work safety scale. Journal of Safety Research 29(3), 145-161.
28. Hetherington, C., Flin, R., and Mearns, K., 2006. Safety in shipping: the human element. Journal of Safety Research 37(4), 401-411.
29. Hinze, J., Bren, D.C., and Piepho, N., 1995/December. Experience modification rating as measure of safety performance. Journal of Construction Engineering and management, 455
30. HSE – Health and Safety Executive, 2001, Web-base guide to measuring health and safety performance, available online in www.hse.gov.uk/opsunit/ perfmeas.htm.
31. HSE, 1997. Successful Health and Safety Management HS(G)65, Second edition, Health and Safety Executive, London, Sheffield, OSHA-CD Rom.
32. Huang, Y.H., Ho, M., Smith, G.S., and Chen, P.Y., 2006. Safety climate and self-reported injury: assessing the mediating role of employee safety control. Accident Analysis and Prevention 38(3), 425-433.
33. Jaselskis, E.J., Anderson, S.D., and Russell, J.S., 1996/March. Strategies for achieving excellence in construction safety performance. Journal of Construction Engineering and management, 61.
34. Lee, T.R., 1996. Perception, attitudes and behaviour: the vital elements of a safety culture. Health and Safety October, 1-15.
35. Lu, C.S., and Shang, K.C., 2005. An empirical investigation of safety climate in container terminal operators. Journal of Safety Research 36(3), 297-308.
36. Mearn, k., Flin, R., Gordon, R., and Fleming, M., 2001. Human and organization factors in offshore safety. Work & Stress 15(2), 144-160.
37. Mearns, K., and Flin, R., 1995. Risk perception and attitudes to safety by personnel in the offshore oil and gas industry: a review. Acident Analysis & Prevention 8(5), 299-305.
38. Mearns, K.J., and Flin, R., 1999. Assessing the state of organizational safety culture or climate ?”. Current Psychology 18(1), 5-17.
39. Mikkelsen, A., Ringstad, A.J., and Steineke, J.M., 2004. Working time arrangements and safety for offshore workers in the North Sea. Safety Science 42(3),167-184.
40. Muniz, B.F., Montes-peon, J.M., and Vazquex-ordas, C.J., 2007. Safety management system: development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 20(1), 52-68.
41. Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., and Hart, P.M., 2000. The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science 34(1-3), 99-109.
42. Ng, S.T., Cheng, K.P.,and Skitmore, R.M., 2005. A framework for evaluating the safety performance of construction contractors. Building and environment 40(10), 1347-1355.
43. Niskanen, T., 1994. Safety climate in the road administration. Safety Science 17(4), 237-255.
44. Pater, R., and Bowles, R., 2007/May. 9 Keys For Directing Attention to Safety. Occupational Hazards, 58.
45. Paul, P.S., and Maiti, J., 2007. The role of behavioral factors on safety management inunderground mines. Safety Science 45(4), 449-471.
46. Petersen, D., 1998. Techniques of Safety Management : A System Approach, Des Plaines, Illinois : ASSE.
47. Petersen, D., 1998. The four Cs of safety: culture, competency, consequence, & continuous improvement. Professional Safety43(4), 32-33.
48. Rundmo, T., 2000. Safety climate, attitudes and risk perception in Norsk Hydro. Safety Science 34(1-3), 47-59.
49. Rundmo, T., and Hale, A.R., 2003. Managers’ attitudes towards safety and accident prevention. Safety Science 41(7), 557-574.
50. Sasson, J.R., Austin, J., and Alvero, A.M., 2007/April. Behavioral observations – effects on safe performance. Professional Safety52(4), 26-32.
51. Sawacha, E., Naoum, S., and Fong, D., 1999. Factor affecting safety performance on construction sites. International Journal of Project Management 17(5), 309-315.
52. Schneid, T.D., 1999. Creative Safety Solutions, Boca Raton : Lewis.
53. Seppala, A., 1992. Evaluation of safety measures, their improvement and connections to occupational accidents, ProQyest-Dissertation Abstracts, Not Available from UMI.
54. Silva, S., Lima, M.L., and Baptista, C., 2004. OSCI: an organisational and safety climate inventory. Safety Science 42(3), 205-220.
55. Siu, O.L., Phillips, D.R., and Leung, T.W., 2003. Age differences in safety attitudes and safety performance in Hong Kong construction workers. Journal of Safety Research 34(2), 199-205.
56. Siu, O.L., Phillips, D.R.,and Leung, T.W., 2004. Safety climate and safety performance among construction workers in Hong Kong:the role of psychological strains as mediators. Accident Analysis and Prevention 36(3), 359-366.
57. Smith, G.S., Huang, Y.H., Ho, M., and Chen, P.Y., 2006. The relationship between safety climate and injury rates across industries : the need to adjust for injury hazards. Accident Analysis and Prevention 38(3), 556-562.
58. Stricoff, R.S., 1998. Safety Performance Measurement, Proceedings of the ASSE Light up Safety in the New Millennium: A Behavioral Safety Symposium, orlando, Florida, 185-190.
59. Stricoff, R.S., 2000. Safety performance measurement: identifying prospective indicators with high validity. Professional Safety45(1), 36.
60. Tarrants, W.E., 1970. A definition of the safety measurement problem. Journal of Safety Research 2, 106-108.
61. Tarrants, W.E., 1980. The Measurement of Safety Performance. Garland STPM, New York.
62. Thompson, R.C., Hilton, T.F., and Witt, L.A., 1997. Where the safety rubber meets the shop floor: a confirmatory model of management influence on workplace safety. Journal of Safety Research 29(1), 15-24.
63. Wallace, C., and Chen, G., 2006. A multilevel of personality, climate, self-regulation, and performance. Personnel Psychology 59(3), 529-557.
64. Williamson, A.M., Feyer, A.M., Cairns, D.,and Biancotti, D., 1997. The development of a measure of safety climate : the role of safety Perceptions and attitudes. Safety Science 25(1-3), 15-27.
65. Wills, A.R., Watson, B., and Biggs, H.C., 2006. Comparing safety climate factors as predictors of work-related driving behavior. Journal of Safety Research 37(3), 375-383.
66. Wu, T.C., Chen, C.H., and Li, C.C., 2008. A correlation among safety leadership, safety climate and safety performance. Journal of Loss Prevention in the process industries 21(3), 307-318.
67. Wu, T.C., Li, C.C., Chen, C.H., and Chen, C.S., 2008. Interaction effects of organizational and individual factors on safety leadership in college and university laboratories. Journal of Loss Prevention in the process industries 21(3), 239-254.
68. Zohar, D., 1980. Safety climate in industrial organization:theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology 65, 96-102.
69. Zohar, D., 2002. The effects of leadership dimensions, safety climate, and assigned priorities on minor injuries in work groups. Jorunal of Organizational Behavior 23, 75-92.
70. Zohar, D., and Luria, G., 2005. A multilevel model of safety climate : cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates. Journal of Applied Psychology 90(4), 616-628.

三、網站部分
1. 交通部台中港務局網站，http://www.tchb.gov.tw/main.php
2. 交通部高雄港務局全球資訊網：http://www.khb.gov.tw/index.htm。
3. 交通部基隆港務局網站，http://www.klhb.gov.tw/klhbHome.aspx
4. 交通部運輸研究所，http://www.iot.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1