飛灰與底渣是都市垃圾焚化（municipal solid waste incinerators，MSWI）後之固體產物，其去化或資源化是當前環保重點課題。飛灰富含鈣和矽等元素，可用於生產鈣矽水合材料，但因亦含有大量的氯鹽和硫酸鹽，會對鋼筋混凝土產品造成鋼筋腐蝕和混凝土耐久性之問題，影響其資源化與再利用之途徑，目前多經固化/穩定化後送往掩埋場處置。文獻指出弗氏鹽為自然界中少數穩定的含氯礦物，若能釐清弗氏鹽生成及其對氯鹽、硫酸鹽之穩定化作用，並應用焚化飛灰於產製鈣矽水合材料，不僅能促進飛灰等之資源循環利用，更可紓緩掩埋場趨近飽和問題。本研究以焚化飛灰中的反應灰（R-FA）與鍋爐灰（B-FA）為對象（1）首先以試藥級SiO2和Ca(OH)2搭配水泥探討鈣矽水合材料生產的條件，（2）添加MSWI飛灰於生產鈣矽水合材料中，探討MSWI飛灰作為鈣矽水合材料的潛力，（3）添加鋁酸鈉探討生產鈣矽水合材料過程中形成弗氏鹽及其對鈣矽水合材料中重金屬、氯鹽和硫酸鹽的穩定化效果。
研究結果顯示，R-FA含有高達38%氯鹽，不利於鈣矽水合材料生成，但其中富含鈣、矽和鋁等元素應可作為鈣矽水合材料之替代原料，B-FA中氯鹽含量較低並含有未反應鋁金屬可作為鈣矽水合材料發泡劑使用，用以取代市售的鋁粉。由Ca(OH)2、SiO2與水泥製作漿體經高壓蒸氣養護得知托伯莫萊土（tobermorite）的生成為漿體抗壓強度的關鍵，在Ca(OH)2 45 wt.% + SiO2 45 wt.% + cement 10 wt.% 的配比中有最佳抗壓強度約為36.90 MPa（Ca/Si = 0.748）。
鈣矽水合材料中飛灰添加量增加會降低漿體抗壓強度，而若調整Ca/Si為最佳0.748時則其影響會降低。添加40 wt.% R-FA後抗壓強度由36.9 MPa降至12.00 MPa，控制上述漿體中Ca/Si為0.748時，添加R-FA後漿體抗壓強度由12.00 MPa提升至21.83 MPa，可符合綠建材中普通磚規範。B-FA中含鋁金屬在鹼性環境會產生氫氣，不同B-FA添加量可產製不同密度與抗壓強度之輕質氣泡混凝土；添加10 wt.% B-FA後密度由原本1.38 g/cm3 降低至1.18 g/cm3，抗壓強度為14.75 MPa符合CNS 13480 高壓蒸氣養護輕質氣泡混凝土磚中G10的規範，添加50 wt.% B-FA後密度降至0.81 g/cm3，抗壓強度為4.80 MPa 符合ASTM C1693-09中規範AAC-4的抗壓強度與密度。
添加鋁酸鈉可穩定鈣矽水合漿體中源自於焚化飛灰之鹽類與重金屬，並有利於提升漿體抗壓強度。添加不同比例鋁酸鈉後之漿體在蒸養前已有弗氏鹽的生成，加入2.5 wt.% 鋁酸鈉可減少28.5%的氯鹽溶出，添加10 wt.%鋁酸鈉後氯鹽溶出量約減少49.5%，顯示添加鋁酸鈉生成弗氏鹽確實具有穩定氯鹽之功效，而在蒸壓後弗氏鹽轉換成含氯的礦物marialite與生成tobermorite，其氯鹽釋出量由71.6% 降低至25.7%有顯著的穩定效果，且在蒸養後漿體抗壓強度由21.83 MPa提升至26.80 MPa對於試體強度發展有正向的幫助，重金屬溶出也有顯著的減少並符合相關溶出標準。
綜合而言，本研究以焚化飛灰產製鈣矽水合材料過程中，添加鋁酸鈉可成功穩定氯鹽、硫酸鹽與重金屬並製作成綠色工程材料，其所含鈣矽成分取代率可達40 wt.%，屬於無廢水、低耗能之綠色製程，具有工程應用價值及優良環境效益。

The fly ash produced by the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) contains a large amount of common cement elements, such as calcium and silicone, so it can be used to produce hydrated calcium silicate materials, replacing calcium and silicon sources in the production process. However, due to the large amount of chlorides and sulfates, it may cause corrosion and durability problems to cement products, and as a result, the recycling route is limited. In order to reduce the problem, stabilizing chloride and sulfate is essential. Studies have shown that Friedel's salt is one of the few stable chlorinated minerals in nature (Forano, 2004), and the production of Friedel's slats by modified fly ash can reduce corrosion problems. If the interaction mechanism between Friedel salt in the calcium silicate hydrated material and chloride and sulfate can be clarified, it can promote the application of the technology of using incinerator fly ash to produce calcium silicate hydrate materials, and further relieve the urge of graduate saturating landfills nowadays.
This research has three objectives: (1) Find out the appropriate ratio of SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and cement to produce hydrated calcium silicate material; (2) Use municipal waste incineration fly ash to produce hydrated calcium silicate material and explore the potential of MSWI fly ash as a hydrated calcium silicate material; (3) Find out the stability of heavy metals, chlorides and sulfates in the calcium silicate hydrate material produced by MSWI fly ash, and add sodium chlorate to form Friedel's salt and explore its stabilizing effect on chloride salts.

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