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研究生: 李琪
Li, Chi
論文名稱: 水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料之表面特性分析
Surface Analysis of the Layered Double Hydroxide/Polyimide Nanocomposites
指導教授: 林睿哲
Lin, Jui-Che
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2005
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 96
中文關鍵詞: 水滑石聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料接觸角表面特性分析
外文關鍵詞: surface property, contact angle, LDHs, nanocomposites, polyimide
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  •   本研究是以層間插入法將具有對苯胺酸分子插層之有機水滑石(LDH-AB)與聚醯亞胺高分子(polyimide)製備具相容性的脫層型之水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料(LDH-AB/PI)。對苯胺酸以離子鍵結接枝於水滑石層板,可將原本親水的無機層板改質為疏水的層板,同時使水滑石層板的層間距增加。讓製備水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的過程中,有機單體或有機溶劑容易擴散或滲透至水滑石層板間,進而在層間聚合。此外,對苯胺酸帶有胺基官能基,可和聚醯亞胺產生化學鍵結,形成無機相與有機相之間的橋樑,可增進兩相之相容性。

      我們利用紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)觀察改質前後水滑石的特徵官能基、X-ray繞射儀(XRD)和穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察水滑石層板的層間距的變化。並且由熱重分析儀(TGA)發現當聚醯亞胺內含有9 wt%對苯胺酸插層的有機水滑石,其複合材料的熱裂解溫度會比純聚醯亞胺提高33 °C(5 wt% weight loss);但是若將聚醯亞胺內添加4 wt%未改質的碳酸根插層水滑石,其複合材料的熱裂解溫度會因水滑石層板的聚集而下降14 °C(5 wt% weight loss)。

      此外,本研究將對水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的表面特性做進一步的分析。由靜態接觸角儀的結果得到在接觸空氣的界面:添加對苯胺酸插層的有機水滑石與聚醯亞胺形成的複合材料,其接觸角角度比純聚醯亞胺高分子增加約20°以上,且添加物的多寡幾乎不影響角度的大小;而在接觸基材的界面:其接觸角角度則與純聚醯亞胺高分子差不多。

      為了探討出現差異的原因,本實驗增加兩組對照組以幫助我們了解影響表面親疏水性的原因,分別是添加未改質的水滑石與聚醯亞胺形成複合材料(LDH/PI)與添加改質劑對苯氨酸與聚醯亞胺形成混合材料(ABA/PI)。並配合減弱式全反射式紅外線光譜分析(ATR-FTIR)和高解析電子能譜儀(XPS)等表面元素分析的儀器,以及由掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)分析材料的表面型態。從材料的化學組成以及物理結構,推斷水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料與聚醯亞胺高分子的表面特性。

      由儀器分析的實驗結果可以發現複合材料表面的碳、氧、氮化學環境與聚醯亞胺高分子幾乎相同,不過添加無機材料之後的複合材料其接觸空氣的界面比純聚醯亞胺高分子粗糙,會在表面多出許多的突起物,所以使得接觸角的角度增加,整體材料具有較疏水的表面特性;而在接觸基材的界面則與純聚醯亞胺有相似的表面型態,故對接觸角角度的大小幾乎沒有影響,與純聚醯亞胺的親疏水程度相當。

      In this study, amino benzoic acid intercalated LDHs (LDHs-AB) andpolyimide (PI) were prepared by intercalation method to get the compatible and exfoliated LDHs/polyimide nanocomposites. The amino benzoic acid (ABA)grafted on the LDHs nanolayer through ionic bond converts the hydrophilic LDHs into the hydrophobic LDHs and increases the d-spacing of the LDHs atthe same time. This organo-modified process allows the organic monomers or solvents to diffuse or penetrate into the LDHs galleries, leading to the completion of the polymerization. Furthermore, the amino group from the intercalated amino benzoic acid can react with polyimide to generate the strong chemical bond, resulting in the enhancement on the compatibility between the inorganic LDHs and organic polyimide.

      The dispersion behavior of Mg/Al nanolayers was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) indicated that the amino benzoate was intercalated into the LDHs and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to demonstrate the thermal stability of the composites. With the 9 wt% LDHs-AB loading, the decomposition temperature of the LDH-AB/polyimide is 33°C (5wt% weight loss) higher than that of pristine polyimide. But with the 4 wt% unmodified LDHs loading, the decomposition temperature of the LDH/polyimide is 14°C (5wt% weight loss) lower than that of pristine polyimide.

      With the successful preparation of LDH-AB/PI nanocomposites, various surface analysis techniques were performed to explore the distinctive surface properties of these nanocomposites which are rarely studied. The static contact angle method (CA) shows the increase of the contact angle from the air-side of the LDH-AB/PI nanoncomposite films to the pristine polyimide is higher than 20°. In addition, the influence of the amounts of the LDH-AB on contact angle values is little. In contrast, the contact angle values on the substrate-side of the LDH-AB/PI nanoncomposite films and pristine polyimide are almost the same.

      We introduce the LDH/PI composite and ABA/PI hybrid and also employ a lot of surface analytical techniques to help us find out the reasons for this difference. By the way, we can acquire the information about the surface properties of these films. The surface image and morphology of the films were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface chemical binding environment and functionalities were by attenuated total reflection fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

      The XPS analysis and FTIR results indicated the surface chemical binding environment of these nanocomposites is similar to the pristine polyimide. SEM micrographs demonstrated that the surface roughness on the air-side of the films increases with the LDH-AB and LDH content in the composite films while that on the substrate-side is almost unchanged. Therefore, we conclude that the increasing surface roughness results in the more hydrophobicity in the LDH-AB/polyimide nanocomposites prepared in this study.

    摘要 І Abstract ІІІ 誌謝 V 目錄 VІ 表目錄 IX 圖目錄 X 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1 表面特性分析 4 2-2 無機/有機高分子奈米複合材料 7 2-3 聚醯亞胺的特性及應用 10 2-4 水滑石及水滑石/高分子奈米複合材料之特性 12 2-4.1 水滑石的特性 12 2-4.2 水滑石/高分子奈米複合材料的特性 14 第三章 實驗方法 23 3-1 實驗藥品 23 3-2 實驗儀器 23 3-3 實驗步驟 24 3-3.1 藥品之前處理 24 3-3.2 未改質碳酸根插層的水滑石(LDH)之製備 25 3-3.3 對苯氨酸插層的有機水滑石(LDH-AB)之製備 25 3-3.4 聚醯亞胺高分子(PI)之製備 26 3-3.5 水滑石/聚醯亞胺複合材料(LDH/PI)之製備 26 3-3.6 有機水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料(LDH-AB/PI) 之製備 27 3-3.7 對苯胺酸/聚醯亞胺混合材料(ABA/PI)之製備 28 3-4 儀器分析 28 3-4.1 紅外線光譜分析(FTIR) 28 3-4.1.1 穿透式紅外線光譜分析 28 3-4.1.2 減弱式全反射式紅外線光譜分析 29 3-4.2 核磁共振分析(NMR) 29 3-4.3 感應耦合電漿質譜分析 (ICP) 29 3-4.4 元素分析(EA) 29 3-4.5 x-ray 繞射分析(XRD) 29 3-4.6 穿透式電子顯微鏡分析(TEM) 30 3-4.7 熱重損失分析(TGA) 30 3-4.8 靜態接觸角儀(CA) 30 3-4.9 高解析電子能譜儀(XPS) 30 3-4.10 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 31 3-5 實驗架構 32 第四章 結果與討論 34 4-1 水滑石的鑑定 34 4-1.1 FT-IR 34 4-1.2 NMR 34 4-1.3 ICP&EA 34 4-1.4 XRD 35 4-1.5 TGA 35 4-2 聚醯亞胺高分子的鑑定 36 4-2.1 FT-IR 36 4-2.2 EA 37 4-3 水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的鑑定 37 4-3.1 XRD 37 4-3.2 TEM 38 4-3.3 TGA 39 4-3.4 ICP 41 4-4 水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的表面特性分析 41 4-4.1 靜態接觸角 41 4-4.2 ATR-FTIR 43 4-4.3 XPS 43 4-4.4 SEM 45 4-5 水滑石/聚醯亞胺奈米複合材料的表面特性討論 47 第五章 結論與未來展望 89 5-1 結論 89 5-2 未來展望 91 參考文獻 92 自述 96

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