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研究生： 黃景暉
Huang, Ching-Hui
論文名稱： 鈦鉬合金滑動磨潤性質之研究
指導教授： 陳瑾惠
Chern, Jiin-Huey
朱建平
Ju, Chien-Ping
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2002
畢業學年度： 90
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 108
中文關鍵詞： 鈦合金 、磨耗
外文關鍵詞： titanium alloy, wear
相關次數： 點閱：73  下載：3 
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    • 摘要

    人體於長期荷重及相對運動下，對髖關節磨損情況會隨著年齡的增加而日益嚴重，當髖臼關節的損耗程度已經導致髖部疼痛、不良於行，或因關節性的病變（如osteoarthritis或osteonecrosis），導致髖關節無法正常運作，此時便需考慮人工髖關節的置換。在人工髖關節組件應用上，對於需承受高應力之骨骼，多選用金屬材料予以取代。需要能吸收衝擊、減少相對位移的軟骨組織，則以高分子聚合物替代。
    本研究主要是針對本實驗室所研發低彈性模數的鈦合金(Ti-7.5Mo)及高強度鈦合金(Ti-7.5Mo-2Fe)與UHMWPE的磨耗性質作定性的研究與探討，並與Ti-13Nb-13Zr及商業用Ti-6Al-4V的磨耗性質相比較，期望能發展出除了保有鈦合金的基本優點外，耐磨性更佳並且安全不含毒性元素的新合金。
    乾式與濕式磨耗實驗結果顯示：磨耗後Ti-13Nb-13Zr磨耗面的磨損最為嚴重，耐磨性最差。在乾式磨耗實驗中，愈容易在磨耗面產生PE轉移層的合金，其磨耗後表面的粗糙度會愈大，而對磨的PE磨耗量也會愈大。濕式磨耗實驗比乾式磨耗實驗更接近於人體髖關節環境的模擬，其結果顯示在濕式環境的模耗行為與合金的硬度有關係。硬度較小的Ti-13Nb-13Zr和Ti-7.5Mo所產生的PE磨耗量較大；而硬度較大的Ti-6Al-4V和Ti-7.5Mo-2Fe產生的PE磨耗量較小。所以單從磨耗行為來看，硬度較大的Ti-7.5Mo-2Fe及Ti-6Al-4V會較適合作為髖關節的植入材。

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    總目錄 摘要……………………………………………………. 3 總目錄…………………………………………………. 4 圖目錄…………………………………………………. 7 表目錄…………………………………………………. 10 第一章 前言……………………………………………………. 11 1-1 研究背景………………………………………………. 11 1-2 研究目的………………………………………………. 13 第二章 理論基礎………………………………………………. 14 2-1 植入物材料的基本要件………………………………. 14 2-2 生醫材料分類…………………………………………. 14 2-2-1 金屬類…………………………………………………. 15 2-2-2 陶瓷類…………………………………………………. 16 2-2-3 高分子類………………………………………………. 17 2-2-4 複合材料………………………………………………. 17 2-3 鈦合金簡介……………………………………………. 19 2-3-1 鈦的基本性質…………………………………………. 19 2-3-2 鈦合金的分類…………………………………………. 19 2-3-3 Ti-Mo合金的基本介紹……………………………….. 21 2-4 人工髖關節之鬆脫機制………………………………. 23 2-4-1 應力遮蔽效應…………………………………………. 23 2-4-2 骨溶解效應……………………………………………. 24 2-5 人工髖關節之負載……………………………………. 25 2-6 磨耗機制………………………………………………. 25 2-6-1 磨耗之形式……………………………………………. 27 2-6-2 潤滑條件之影響………………………………………. 28 2-7 磨耗殘屑引起之生理機制……………………………. 30 第三章 材料與方法……………………………………………. 33 3-1 實驗流程………………………………………………. 33 3-2 試片製備………………………………………………. 33 3-2-1 純鈦及Ti-6Al-4V……………………………………... 33 3-2-2 鈦鉬合金及Ti-13Nb-13Zr……………………………. 33 3-2-3 超高分子量聚乙稀……………………………………. 36 3-2-4 金屬試片熔煉及鑄造…………………………………. 36 3-2-5 試片機械加工成形……………………………………. 41 3-3 磨耗試驗………………………………………………. 43 3-3-1 磨耗機簡介……………………………………………. 43 3-3-2 實驗條件………………………………………………. 46 3-3-3 實驗步驟………………………………………………. 46 3-4 顯微結構分析…………………………………………. 48 3-4-1 光學顯微鏡……………………………………………. 48 3-4-2 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡……………………………………. 48 3-5 機械性質分析…………………………………………. 50 3-5-1 表面粗糙度分析………………………………………. 50 3-5-2 微硬度分析……………………………………………. 50 3-6 化學性質分析…………………………………………. 51 3-6-1 電子能譜化學分析……………………………………. 51 第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………. 52 4-1 乾式磨耗實驗結果與討論……………………………. 52 4-1-1 磨耗量與摩擦係數……………………………………. 52 4-1-2 磨耗面觀察……………………………………………. 52 4-1-3 磨耗面粗糙度量測……………………………………. 60 4-1-4 磨耗後金屬硬度值量測………………………………. 62 4-1-5 磨屑型態觀察與分析…………………………………. 66 4-1-6 乾式磨耗實驗討論……………………………………. 66 4-2 濕式磨耗實驗結果與討論……………………………. 71 4-2-1 磨耗量與摩擦係數……………………………………. 71 4-2-2 磨耗面觀察……………………………………………. 75 4-2-3 磨耗面粗糙度量測……………………………………. 86 4-2-4 磨耗後金屬硬度值量測………………………………. 86 4-2-5 磨屑型態觀察與分析…………………………………. 89 4-2-6 濕式磨耗實驗討論……………………………………. 94 4-3 乾式與濕式磨耗實驗結果比較………………………. 96 第五章 結論……………………………………………………. 98 第六章 參考文獻………………………………………………. 99 圖目錄 圖2-2-1 人工植入物複合材料；(a)多孔性HA鍍層(b)碳纖維強化環氧化物骨板……… 18 圖2-3-1 Ti-Mo二元合金平衡相圖……………………………22 圖2-6-1 磨耗機制分類；(a)Adhesive (b)Abrasion (c)Transfer (d)Fatigue (e)Third-body wear………………………… 29 圖2-7-1 殘屑引起骨再吸收作用之免疫機制…………………. 32 圖3-1-1 實驗流程圖……………………………………………. 34 圖3-1-2 (a)金屬磨耗材與 (b)UHMWPE對磨材……………… 35 圖3-2-1 石墨鑄模規格…………………………………………. 37 圖3-2-2 試片規格………………………………………………. 38 圖3-2-3 CASTMATIC鑄造機示意圖………………………….. 39 圖3-2-4 合金熔煉鑄造過程；(1)鎢電極 (2)鑄錠 (3)銅坩鍋 (4)石墨模…………………………………………… 40 圖3-2-5 金屬鑄件……………………………………………… 42 圖3-3-1 磨耗機簡圖……………………………………………. 44 圖3-3-2 模擬磨耗液抽氣過濾裝置……………………………. 49 圖3-5-1 Ra所代表的意義………………………………………. 50 圖4-1-1 乾式磨耗實驗PE的平均磨耗量比較圖……………… 53 圖4-1-2 乾式磨耗實驗各種合金/UHMWPE之摩擦曲線圖….. 54 圖4-1-3 乾式磨耗實驗摩擦係數比較圖………………………. 55 圖4-1-4 乾式磨耗後金屬表面形成的PE轉移層……………... 57 圖4-1-5 乾式磨耗實驗與金屬對磨之PE磨耗面……………… 58 圖4-1-6 乾式磨耗實驗中合金表面隨時間形成的轉移層……. 59 圖4-1-7 乾式磨耗實驗後鈦合金磨耗表面粗糙度比較圖…….. 61 圖4-1-8 乾式磨耗後各合金表面清洗後之粗糙度比較圖…….. 63 圖4-1-9 各合金的硬度比較圖………………………………….. 64 圖4-1-10 乾式磨耗後各合金磨耗表面硬度值………………….. 65 圖4-1-11 乾式磨耗Ti-7.5Mo-2Fe對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖……67 圖4-1-12 乾式磨耗Ti-7.5Mo對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖…………. 68 圖4-1-13 乾式磨耗Ti-6Al-4V對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖……. 69 圖4-1-14 乾式磨耗Ti-13Nb-13Zr對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖…… 70 圖4-2-1 濕式磨耗實驗PE的平均磨耗量比較圖……………… 72 圖4-2-2 濕式磨耗實驗各種合金/UHMWPE之摩擦曲線圖….. 73 圖4-2-3 濕式磨耗實驗摩擦係數比較圖……………………….. 74 圖4-2-4 濕式磨耗後金屬表面形成的覆蓋層………………….. 76 圖4-2-5 濕式磨耗實驗與金屬對磨之PE磨耗面……………… 77 圖4-2-6 濕式磨耗後經過清洗的金屬表面…………………….. 78 圖4-2-7 Ti-7.5Mo-2Fe濕式磨耗後表面覆蓋層XPS定性分析.. 80 圖4-2-8 Ti-7.5Mo濕式磨耗後表面覆蓋層XPS定性分析……. 81 圖4-2-9 Ti-6Al-4V濕式磨耗後表面覆蓋層XPS定性分析…… 82 圖4-2-10 Ti-13Nb-13Zr濕式磨耗後表面覆蓋層XPS定性分析.. 83 圖4-2-11 濕式磨耗實驗中合金表面隨時間形成的覆蓋層…….. 85 圖4-2-12 濕式磨耗後各合金的表面粗糙度比較圖…………….. 87 圖4-2-13 濕式磨耗後各合金磨耗表面硬度值………………….. 88 圖4-2-14 濕式磨耗Ti-7.5Mo對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖………… 90 圖4-2-15 濕式磨耗Ti-13Nb-13Zr對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖…… 91 圖4-2-16 濕式磨耗Ti-7.5Mo-2Fe對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖……92 圖4-2-17 乾式磨耗Ti-6Al-4V對磨UHMWPE產生的磨屑SEM圖………. 93 表目錄 表2-3-1 鈦與其它材料的物理性質比較………………………. 20 表2-5-1 人工髖關節在不同活動度下之負荷…………………. 26 表3-3-1 ASTM標準磨耗測試條件……………………………. 45 表3-3-2 本實驗之磨耗條件……………………………………. 47 表4-2-1 濕式磨耗後合金表面轉移層XPS半定量分析……… 79 表4-2-2 合金與UHMWPE對磨所產生磨屑之EDS分析……. 95

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