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研究生: 陳宥毓
Chen, Yu-Yu
論文名稱: 探討國語廣播節目中夾用台語的現象
A Study on the Code-Switching of Taiwanese in Mandarin Radio Programs
指導教授: 簡華麗
Jian, Hua-li
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 文學院 - 外國語文學系碩士在職專班
Department of Foreign Languages and Literature (on the job class)
論文出版年: 2005
畢業學年度: 93
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 210
中文關鍵詞: 廣播節目語符轉換
外文關鍵詞: radio programs, code-switching
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  •   本研究主旨在由國語廣播節目中夾用台語的現象,探討在當今台灣社會中,台語和國語的語符轉換現象。
      本研究資料來自高雄廣播電台(FM94.3)的國語廣播節目「綺麗人生」的主持人與兩位受邀來賓的言談以及主持人對生活事件的意見發表。
      經由對研究資料的分析,歸納主持人與兩位來賓在大眾媒體上使用台語的共同點,觀察出台語在公共場合使用的四個普遍現象:
       1. 台語的使用不僅有其實用性,也兼具文化性
       2. 除了會受對話者的影響,說話者也會考慮目     前對話情境中的所有條件,來選用語言。語     符轉換是種高度理智運用的表現。
       3. 對精通台語和國語的台灣人而言,夾用台語     在國語的言談中,已成為普遍現象。顯示語     言無優劣之別。
       4. 國語、台語並用在同一言談可幫助說話者更     精確地表達其意見,並且豐富了使用語言的     能力。
      根據以上研究分析與觀察,在公共場合中,國語言談中夾用台語語符已是普遍的溝通方式。同時,它反映出語言的本質是動態的。對台灣現今社會而言,它呼應了母語逐漸受到重視,台灣的多元文化精神,以及不同的時空背景會造就其特殊的語言風格。      

      This study investigated the switches from Mandarin to Taiwanese in the present Taiwanese society.  The data used here were collected from a female broadcaster’s and her two interviewees’ remarks.  The broadcaster broadcasts the Mandarin radio program “Wonderful Life” of Kaohsiung Broadcasting Station on FM 94.3.  
      
      According to the data analyses and the commonalities of the broadcaster’s and the two interviewees’ use of the Taiwanese language, four phenomena of Taiwanese use in public settings are observed, and they are listed as follows:
       1. Taiwanese use is cultural as well     as practical.
       2. The choice of language may be       influenced by the participant.  In     addition, after taking into the       ailable evidence in the current       conversation, the speaker rationally     makes code choices.  Code-switching     demonstrates the speaker’s rational     calculation.
       3. For Taiwanese people, their         Mandarin talks mixed with Taiwanese     codes indicate that code-switching      has become a very common and        normal communication.  It also       reveals that no language is worse     than any other language.
       4. Multilingualism can help the         speaker express his/her thoughts       more precisely, more attractively,      and more creatively.

      In conclusion, the switching from Mandarin to Taiwanese in Taiwan has become a very common and usual communication.  It also presents that language is dynamic.  In the sociolinguistic aspect, the code-switching from Mandarin to Taiwanese in Taiwan responds to people’s mother tongue applied more often in public settings governed by Mandarin, the social multicultural spirit, and a language style peculiar to a certain society at a certain time.

           TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Language use in Taiwan 1 1.2 The geographical and ethnic settings of   Taiwan 2    1.2.1 The transfers of the national        languages in Taiwan 3    1.2.2 Attitudes toward Taiwanese 4 1.3 Definition of terms 7    1.3.1 Taiwanese 7    1.3.2 Mandarin 7    1.3.3 Mainlanders 8    1.3.4 Code-switching 8 1.4 Motivation 9 1.5 Background 12    1.5.1 Introduction to radio programs        in Taiwan 12    1.5.2 Introduction to Kaohsiung           Broadcasting Station (KBS) 15 1.6 Research questions 17 CHAPTER TWO  LITERATURE REVIEW 21 2.1 Three traditional approaches to code-    switching 21    2.1.1 Social Factor Approach 22    2.1.2 Fishman's Approach 23    2.1.3 Modified Fishman's Approach 25 2.2 Three current dominant approaches to     code-switching 28    2.2.1 Sequential approach 28        2.2.1.1 Introduction 28        2.2.1.2 Four sequential              patterns 30              2.2.1.2.1 The first                    sequential                   pattern 30              2.2.1.2.2 The second                   sequential                   pattern 31              2.2.1.2.3 The third                   sequential                   pattern 33              2.2.1.2.4 The fourth                   sequential                   pattern 33        2.2.1.3 Language negotiation             through code-switching 34        2.2.1.4 Summary 35    2.2.2 Conversation Analysis Approach 35         2.2.2.1 Introduction 35         2.2.2.2 The two basic rules              of the CA               Approach 36         2.2.2.3 The practice of the              CA Approach in               bilingual                    conversations  36         2.2.2.4 The required                  technique:               transcription 38         2.2.2.5 Summary 39    2.2.3 Rational Choice Theory 39         2.2.3.1 Introduction 39         2.2.3.2 The three filters of             code choices  40         2.2.3.3 Linguistic               repertoires   40         2.2.3.4 Somatic markers and              the markedness                 evaluator 41         2.2.3.5 Rationality and social             norms 43         2.2.3.6 Summary 44    2.2.4 Examples to present the           similarities and the differences       between the Rational Choice         (RC) Theory and the             Conversation Analysis (CA)          Approach 44            CHAPTER THREE  METHODOLOGY 49 3.1 Subjects 49 3.2 Data and its background 50 3.3 Data collection 51 3.4 The transcriptions of Taiwanese  codes 52 3.5 Data analysis 53    3.5.1 The frequency and percentage of       the informational units of the       Taiwanese codes in the Mandarin       interviews 54    3.5.2 The frequency and percentage of       the informational units of the       Taiwanese codes in the Mandarin       straight talks 67 CHAPTER FOUR  GENERAL DISCUSSION 81 4.1 The nine types which the informational   units of the Taiwanese codes in the    Mandarin interviews belong to 81    4.1.1 The reasons why certain            ingredients are chosen 83    4.1.2 Interpreting the speciality and        goodness of the dishes 85    4.1.3 Mentioning the past time and         the tradition in Taiwan 86    4.1.4 Turning to speak to the           audience 88             4.1.5 The cooking experts' special         methods of treating the common   ingredients 90    4.1.6 The explanation of treating the       main ingredients 91    4.1.7 Introducing the ingredients which       are out of the audience's          expectation 93    4.1.8 Surprised at that the cooking        experts cook common ingredients       in unusual methods     95    4.1.9 Explaining the cooking experts'        words about the ingredients and       cooking methods 96 4.2 General discussion of the code-switching   in the Mandarin interviews 98    4.2.1 In type 1: The reasons why                certain ingredients              are chosen  98                 4.2.2 In the four types:          type 2: Interpreting the                specialty and                 goodness of the                dishes;               type 5: The cooking                  experts' special                methods of               treating the common              ingredients;         type 7: Introducing the                ingredients which are             out of the                  audience's                   expectation; and         type 8: Surprised at that               the cooking experts              cook common                  ingredients in                 unusual methods 99    4.2.3 In type 3: Mentioning the past              time and the                 tradition in                Taiwan 101    4.2.4 In type 4: Turning to speak to              the audience 102    4.2.5 In the two types:         type 6: The explanation of              treating the main               ingredients; and         type 9: Explaining the                 cooking experts'                words about the                ingredients and                cooking methods 102           4.3 The four types which the informational   units of the broadcaster's  Taiwanese   codes in the Mandarin straight talks    belong to 104    4.3.1 Disliking and questioning           people's three traveling habits       and the activity held by the        Blood Donation Center of Tainan       City (BDCTC) 104    4.3.2 Playing the five roles of a         tour guide, someone, senior         citizens, her parents, and a        tourist 108    4.3.3 Expressing her emotions 111    4.3.4 Offering substitutive methods 113 4.4 General discussion of the four types    which the informational units of the    broadcaster's Taiwanese codes in the    Mandarin straight talks belong to 115    4.4.1 In type 1: Disliking and                  questioning people's              three traveling                habits and the                activity held by               the Blood Donation              Center of Tainan               City (BDCTC)  115    4.4.2 In type 2: Playing the five                roles of a tour               guide, someone,                senior citizens,                her parents, and a              tourist  117                4.4.3 In the two types:          type 3: Expressing her                 emotions; and          type 4: Offering substitutive             methods 119 CHAPTER FIVE  CONCLUSION 121 5.1 The answers to the seven research      questions 121 5.2 Summary of the four phenomena of      Taiwanese use in public settings 125 5.3 Concluding remarks 128 5.4 Suggestions for further studies 129 References  131

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